HPP Boguchanskaya: construction organizer, phone, photo, flood zone

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

At the end of June 2016, the new Boguchanskaya HPP, built on the Angara River, 444 km from its mouth, in the taiga-forest zone, reached its full design capacity in Russia. In terms of power, this station is the 5th in the country, and in terms of equipment with modern equipment, it ranks first.

Community address

City of Kodinsk, Kezhemsky district, Krasnoyarsk Territory, construction base of the left bank, joint base No. 1, building 1 - the exact address of OJSC Boguchanskaya HPP. Phone of this organization: (39143) 7-13-93. Also, the necessary information can be received via e-mail [email protected]. Company index: 663491.

A bit of history

The assignment for the construction of the Boguchanskaya HPP was approved by the USSR Ministry of Energy in 1969. Actually, the construction of this important facility for the country began in 1974. The first builders of the station were employees of the Bratskgesstroy organization. They were sent to this object from the Ust-Ilyimskaya hydroelectric station located above. By that time its construction had already been completed.finished.

According to the project, the plant's capacity was to be 3000 MW, and the head level was supposed to be raised to 208 m. in the country, did not allow to bring the plan to the end. Due to a lack of funds, the pace of construction of the station began to gradually decline, and in 1994 it was actually frozen.

Later, the country's leadership considered the project of building this station in two phases (in order to minimize costs). However, he did not receive the approval of the Glavgosexpertiza. It was possible to resume the construction of the station only in 2007 within the framework of a public-private partnership. A memorandum confirming the intention to reactivate the Boguchanskaya HPP was signed by Rusal and RAO UES of Russia two years earlier. At the time of the start of the completion of the station, its readiness was 58%. The first two hydroelectric units were put into operation at the Boguchanskaya HPP in 2012

Station features

Boguchanskaya HPP, the photo of which is presented on the page, is a truly grandiose object. Its design includes two huge dams - rockfill (1961.3 m) and concrete (828.7 m). Thus, the total length of the pressure front of the station is 2690 m. At present, a motorway passes through both dams. That is, the hydroelectric power station also plays the role of a reliable bridge across the Angara, and the only one within a radius of 130 km.

The station dam has two spillways. The first(bottom type) is characterized by a capacity of 7060 m3/s. The second spillway (surface) has a length of 90 m and can extinguish the flow passing through it.

The building of the HPP has a typical design for such structures. It is located behind the station part of the dam. Along the length, the building is divided into 9 sections, each of which has one vertical hydroelectric unit with a capacity of 333 MW. Water-rotated turbines drive 370 MVA generators. From them, electricity is supplied to step-down transformers with a voltage of 500 kV and 220 kV. Power output by the station is carried out through closed-type switchgear, adjacent to the SEC building on the left bank of the Angara.

Performance

The total capacity of the units of such a grand structure as the Boguchanskaya HPP is currently 3,000 MW. The new Angarsk station generates 20% of all electricity consumed by the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Only in the first quarter of 2016, the hydroelectric power plant supplied it in the amount of 3.126 billion kWh.

The highest height of the station's concrete dam is 96 m, the bulk dam is 77 m. The width of the latter was brought to 20 m, and about 30.5 million m3 was spent on its construction3 soil

HPP construction organizers

Initially, the decision to build this important station for the country's economy was made, as already mentioned, by the USSR Ministry of Energy. At that time, the object was given the name "Boguchangesstroy". In 1993, on the basis of this organization, OJSCBoguchangesstroy. In 2002 the society changed its name. At the moment, the facility is registered as OAO Boguchanskaya HPP.

In the spring of 2006, RusHydro and Rusal signed an agreement on the implementation of the BEMO project, which, in addition to completing the HPP, includes the construction of the Baguchan aluminum smelter. Financing of both objects was subsequently carried out through offshore companies. Such a scheme was chosen at the initiative of the Rusal concern.

According to the Water Code, the Boguchanskaya HPP is federal property. Therefore, private companies financed only the construction of this facility. All expenses for the preparation of the flood zone were borne by the state.

Of course, not everything in the construction of such an important facility went smoothly. Greenpeace, in particular, opposed the construction of this station on the Angara. This well-known environmental society did not like the fact that the construction of such a large facility as the Boguchanskaya hydroelectric power station was carried out without first passing the EIA procedure, which is now mandatory in the Russian Federation. However, the construction of the station was not suspended due to the claims of Greenpeace. The organizers of the completion of the HPP explained the reluctance to undergo the EIA procedure by the current legislation. The fact is that the HPP project was finally approved back in Soviet times. The norms of modern legislation prescribing an EIA do not have retroactive effect.

The Public Chamber of Russia also expressed some concern about the construction of this facility. This organization, in particular, raised questions about the preservation of historical and cultural heritage in the flood zone and considered cases of non-payment of compensation to farmers and non-provision of housing for migrants.

Of course, the project of the station, developed by Soviet engineers, has become morally outdated in 25 years. Therefore, the main organizer of the construction of the Boguchanskaya HPP (or rather, its continuation) - RAO UES of Russia - in 2006 instructed the Hydroproject Institute to carry out work to correct it.

Initially, it was even supposed to raise the plant's capacity to 4000 MW. However, due to the tougher requirements in our time for the passage of a flood stream, the specialists of the institute had to design an additional spillway No. 2, which was not in the first project. As a result, the plant's capacity had to be reduced again to 3,000 MW.

Economic importance

To date, this new hydroelectric power station on the Angara fully provides electricity to the recently completed Boguchansky aluminum plant, which produces more than 600 thousand tons of non-ferrous metal per year. In addition, the station transmits power to the Taishet plant and to many other industrial enterprises in the Lower Angara region.

Flood zone of the Boguchanskaya HPP: area

The construction of this hydroelectric power station changed the ecology of the region, unfortunately, quite seriously. After the construction of the station was completed, 1494 km² of land were flooded, including 296 km² of arable land, pastures and hayfields. The lost stock of trees and shrubs amounted to 9.56 million m³. More10 million m^{3 of forest was cut down in the 80s of the last century, when the construction of the station began.}

At present, the management of Boguchanskaya HPP OJSC is forced to eliminate, among other things, various environmental problems that have arisen after the construction of dams. For example, in the flood zone, among other things, 96 km² peat bogs were under water. Of course, this eventually caused the pollution of the river. Peat as a very light material from some wetlands (their total area is 13 km^{2) simply began to float to the surface. Ecologists assume that this negative process will continue for at least another 20 years. Currently, in order to cleanse the river, activities are periodically carried out to tow and secure peat islands.}

Reservoir

The area of the Boguchansky reservoir is 2326 km². At the same time, most of it is located on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (1961 km²). The length of the Boguchansky reservoir is 375 km. At the same time, its total volume is 58.2 km³, and its useful volume is 2.3 km^{3. The filling of the reservoir during the construction of the HPP took place in two stages. In 2012, its level was raised to 185 m, and in 2015 to the design level of 208 m. At the moment, the Boguchansky reservoir regulates the river's flow daily and seasonally - lateral flow. Fluctuations in the level of this man-made sea throughout the year do not exceed 1 m.}

Settlements in the flood zone

The construction of the Boguchanskaya hydroelectric power station caused 29 villages and towns to go under water. 25 of them are located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and 4 in the Irkutsk Region. The largest flooded settlement is the district center of Kezma.

In total, 12,173 people were resettled from the flood zone. Most of the people were taken out of the territory of the future reservoir in the last century. In the 1980s, approximately 8,000 people were resettled from the zone. At that time, people were provided with new housing both in nearby cities and towns. In 2008-2011 4,905 more people were relocated from the flood zone. This time housing was provided only in cities. In 2012, 194 people moved to a new place of residence, and later - more than 1500.

City of Kodinsk

The loss of a large amount of arable land and the need to leave the habitable places for thousands of people - these are the consequences that the flooding led to. Boguchanskaya hydroelectric power station, however, is currently producing just a huge amount of electricity, which is extremely necessary for the national economy. In any case, it is believed that the construction of this important facility, despite the forced losses, was economically justified.

In addition, a new large settlement was built in the immediate vicinity of the station. They called the city of power engineers that arose in the middle of the taiga Kodinsky. Its construction began in 1977. To date, its eastern outskirts are located 8 kilometers from the flooded floodplain of the Angara.

For 2016 inKodinsk, according to statistics, was already inhabited by about 16,227 people. In addition to the HPP, citizens have the opportunity to work at a local timber processing enterprise, Alliance ED LLC, Biva JV, and a branch of DOZ Sibiryak+ LLC. The city has cinemas, schools, kindergartens, and many shops of various specializations.

Archaeological and historical objects

Before the formation of the Boguchansky reservoir, large-scale excavations were carried out in the flooded area. Scientists have explored about 40 thousand km2 of land and described more than 130 archaeological sites. In addition, ethnographic surveys were also carried out. As a result, several important objects of wooden architecture were moved from the flood zone.

Where is the Boguchanskaya HPP located?

This HPP enters the Angara cascade and is its fourth lower step. In addition to the Ust-Ilyinskaya station, Bratskaya and Irkutskaya are also located upstream of Boguchanskaya. This hydroelectric power station is located in the Kodinsky alignment of the river. At this point, the Angara crosses a large rock mass of Ordovician and Cambrian sedimentary rocks. At the level of the reservoir, the width of the river is 2-3 km. The rocks in this place come very close to the riverbed. There are small terraces on the left bank. The right one is very steep and abrupt. Behind the gate itself (downstream) the Angara expands to 10 km.

Impact on the ecology of the region

Like any other hydroelectric power station, Boguchanskaya had a huge impact on the environment. Ecosystemarea after the construction of this station has undergone significant changes. Even the river taiga landscape, which existed here for centuries, was mostly replaced by a lake one. This, in turn, led to a significant reduction in the number of rheophilic (fast-water-preferring) fish species. However, at the same time, fortunately, the population of limnophilic (lake) also increased.

The quality of water in the reservoir itself is determined mainly by the indicators of purity in the flood zone located upstream of the Ust-Ilyimsk hydroelectric power station. This situation has developed due to the low inflow of the Angara in this place. According to environmentalists, forests rotting at the bottom of the reservoir and floating peat, of course, have an impact on water quality. However, there is, of course, no need to talk about any ecological catastrophe in this case.

At 6-8 km around the reservoir, among other things, the climate has changed a bit. A large amount of water "absorbs" the weather. In summer, the vicinity of the object became a little cooler, and in autumn - warmer. Due to the discharge of water below the hydroelectric power station, a long non-freezing polynya appeared in the river. The main negative consequence of this phenomenon was the increase in foggy days in the vicinity during the warm season.