2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
Recent studies carried out by European and Russian scientists have shown that the movement of quantum and classical information can successfully coexist within the boundaries of the same fiber optic data transmission lines. This makes it possible in the future for a gradual transition from the usual Internet, to a network based on the paradoxes of elementary particles, the quantum Internet network.
Accelerate in research
A revolution is brewing in the computer industry. Physicists at the University of Pennsylvania have said that conventional silicon chips will reach their limit in four years. It will not be possible to reduce them further, so ordinary computers do not have long to live.
They will be replaced by fundamentally new technologies, quantum computers. Instead of chips there will be elementary particles. Thanks to this, it is possible to drastically reduce the size and increase productivity. So far, these prototypes are no faster than a weak computer, but it's just a matter of time. In turn, using the most powerful potential, it will be possible to more quickly solveproblems and difficulties in the implementation of a fundamentally new, quantum Internet.
Mysteries of the quantum internet
How does the quantum internet work? What is it and what is its essence? The difference is that it is based on the laws of quantum mechanics. It has been embraced by scientists as a hot, edgy field that can be used to describe phenomena not fully understood. One of them is the photoelectric effect.
The paradoxes of quantum physics in the service of mankind
Today it is clear: in our near future such a phenomenon as the quantum Internet will enter. What can this bring us or how will it be? Perhaps this will be another leap, similar to the introduction of semiconductor transistors in the past.
Its principle is based on the property of superposition and quantum entanglement. It does not have a definite spin, and when measuring one, the second shows the opposite. For a more complete understanding, this means that each elementary particle carrying information is invisibly connected with its "entangled" pair. Moreover, the distance between them does not play any role, information is transmitted instantly.
Using these anomalous laws, great opportunities open up in the speed and confidentiality of data transfer. It is impossible to intercept information sent in this way without being noticed: any reading leaves traces or destroys the original information.
Speed is faster than thought
As for the latest data on the measurement of data transfer speed, they amaze our imagination. It exceeds the speed of light by tenthousand times. But, most likely, scientists in the future will find that the signal transmission rate is much higher than previously determined, such is the quantum Internet. What does it mean? What can this give us? Perhaps the transmission of signals to previously unthinkable distances in space and new discoveries.
New technologies in photons
In the technology of converting photons into an information carrier, Russian scientists have found the use of artificially grown crystals, namely diamonds.
It turns out that when light passes through crystals, it acquires the property of a liquid and begins to form drops, vortices, waves. It can be directed through any channels. In general, it behaves like a liquid. Including it can spread at a very slow speed or even stop.
This is very interesting on the one hand and very important, because it allows you to manipulate light and do anything, including getting such a phenomenon as a quantum Internet network. This allows it to be used as an information transfer agent. Now its main carrier is an electric charge. But it is an imperfect object. Therefore, any movement or acceleration of an electric charge leads to energy losses, which go into the environment and heat the processor and microcircuit elements.
The Internet itself costs humanity more than 5% of the energy it produces. Therefore, the replacement of an electron by photons would ideally lead to a reduction in the loss of a colossal amount of energy. Accordingly, the cost of the Internet itselfwill fall.
Quantum Internet in Russia
Works in Russia on the quantum internet are unique. Despite the low funding and all sorts of obstacles, scientists have conducted enough experiments and achieved a leading position in this area.
As a result, it was possible to create a unique, high-level institute. It combines experimental and theoretical groups as well as applied research. This institute is financed partly by Gazprombank, partly by the state in various forms. In any case, this is the example that Russian science should follow without stopping at anything.
Conquering new territories
At the current stage of development of the quantum Internet, only data protection technologies using quantum cryptography can be named. Such networks today are fairly simple point-to-point connections. Scientists aim to create collaborative solutions that combine different channels and encryption methods.
If you follow the implementation of the idea, the results of Russian researchers will be more significant. One example is the single-photon emitter detector being developed at the Kurchatov Institute.
For the existence of such a discovery as the quantum Internet, scientists need to solve the difficulties of combining special equipment for quantum data transmission and telecommunications networks existing today.
The main issues lie in the solution of switching and signal amplification. If you send quantum-based information over a standard optical fiber, then it will not pass through the regenerator. Therefore, one solution is to turn the signal into an electrical one and then return to its original position.
Today the limit is three hundred kilometers. This is the distance at which it is necessary to regenerate the optical signal. We also need a quantum switch prototype. The total amount of problematic tasks can be solved only within ten years. Nevertheless, in scientific circles they argue about the possibility of "saddle" the quantum Internet. What can it bring and how can it help? Today there is no unequivocal answer, but the solution to the issue of introducing and bringing such technologies to the average citizen will definitely improve his quality of life and safety.
A new era is coming
China has set an ambitious project today to make 1200 kilometers quantum network transmission using satellite.
A maximum distance of one hundred kilometers has been reached at the moment. Scientists have developed how to protect the signal from the effects of meteorological conditions. However, this sensation is more likely connected not with teleportation, which is increasing every year, but with quantum cryptography, in other words, a new data encryption system.
A quantum code cannot be hacked, more precisely, when it is hacked, information disappears. In the era of cyber warfare, this means invulnerability. Quantum cryptography has long been used by those who seek guaranteessecurity. How, for example, a few years ago, Swiss banks began to exchange data about their customers through a quantum network. Today they are limited to a distance of several tens of kilometers. The Russian Quantum Center is preparing to introduce the same system, as well as to master the transmission of a quantum signal via a space satellite.
Introduction and implementation
Meanwhile, the first quantum Internet network was launched in St. Petersburg between two university buildings in Russia.
Information is transmitted using the laws of quantum physics. The smartest corporations and governments are now investing in this area. The future information transfer technology is being implemented on the basis of the existing one. Fiber optic cable, familiar computer, but a new router and photon generator.
The existence of the new Internet begins with a laser, where the source of single photons is located. They have a good property for transmitting information in a secure way. A single photon cannot be divided. The key is formed in such a way that reading is not possible. To turn a photon into an information carrier, the system changes its state, the phase of the impulse wave oscillation. Today, the level of development of quantum technology is comparable to what mobile communications looked like thirty years ago, another five to ten years will pass and photon quanta will be able to give us a secure information Internet.
Quantum Internet in Kazan
A quantum Internet network has been launched in Tatarstan, its experimental site is located in Kazan. This programis an important achievement in the development of quantum communications in Russia. According to scientists, she is absolutely immune to hacker attacks.
Today, the protection of our Internet network is based on the encryption of mathematical algorithms, but even the most complex code can be cracked. The more powerful the computing abilities of hackers, the easier and faster it is to calculate the encryption algorithm.
The technology described in the article will become a new network security structure. Quantum Internet in Kazan will be combined into four nodes at a distance of 30-40 kilometers from each other. The cost of picking between two points is about one hundred thousand dollars. In the experimental section, the network showed a quantum internet speed of 117 kb / s with a distance of two and a half kilometers. This result is an order of magnitude higher than in European trials. In the network, the transmission loss rate of quantum bits in the optical channel was twenty dB. This is equivalent to a hundred kilometers long line.
It is worth noting that this project involves the operating line of the telecommunications network of Tattelecom infrastructure.
Network will connect cities
In 2017, it is planned to start a project to introduce new technology. Quantum Internet in Tatarstan will allow connecting offices in different cities. This is one of the main tasks set by the Kazan Quantum Center KNITU-KAI and its leader. Watching their successes, one believes without a doubt that this will be the case.
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