Leading factories of Omsk and Omsk region: history and modernity

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

The factories of Omsk and the Omsk region occupy an important place in the Russian economy. The strategic location in the very center of the country allows local companies to establish business partnerships with East and West. The region has developed aircraft manufacturing, mechanical engineering, metallurgy, defense and electronic industries.

Pre-revolutionary development

Until the end of the 19th century, there was no factory production on the territory of the Omsk Territory, where machines and steam engines would be used. The construction of the railway in 1890 changed the situation: a sawmill and a sleeper impregnation enterprise appeared near the railway line on the left bank of the Irtysh. Soon a brick factory and a mill were built near the station.

Only in 1893 the first plant appeared in Omsk, where a mechanical engine was installed. Before the revolution, the largest production was a plow-building plant (today it is an aggregate plant named after Kuibyshev).

First five-year plans

Civil strife after the revolution led to a h altenterprises. Only with the establishment of Soviet power in 1919 did production begin to recover. In particular, the Omsk metalworking plants: the 1st mechanical plant, the Energia factory, the Krasny Pakhar (before the revolution, the Randrup plant) - were merged into the Metallotrest organization.

In the mid-1920s, the largest enterprise in the region was the Siberian Agricultural Machinery Plant, with more than 500 employees. In 1938, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR decided to build the Omsk Tire Plant, which is still the pride of the region. In the same period, a cord factory and a car assembly plant were built.

War period

The beginning of the Great Patriotic War contributed to the explosive development of the region's industry. In 1941-1942, Omsk received more than a hundred large and small enterprises evacuated away from the front. Three production sites have become pillars of the defense sector:

• Omsk plant them. Kuibyshev, combined with plant No. 20 of the people's commissariat of the aviation industry. Ammunition was produced here, including components for rockets.
• Leningrad plant im. Voroshilov №174. It organized the assembly of the legendary T-34 tanks.
• Three Moscow aircraft factories (later merged into the Polet aerospace enterprise) began producing Tu-2 and Yak-9 aircraft.

In the spring of 1942, the production facilities of many enterprises of the medical, light and food industries were relocated to Omsk.

Postwardevelopment

With the end of hostilities, the vast majority of industries remained in the city, which allowed the Omsk region to become one of the leading industrial centers of the USSR. In the 50s of the twentieth century, the list of Omsk plants was replenished with the largest domestic oil refinery. Its construction began in November 1949, the first production was received on September 5, 1955. The Omsk Refinery produces gasoline, fuel oil, diesel and other petrochemical products.

1959 was the birth year of the carbon black plant in Omsk (today a carbon black plant). In 1960, the laying of another petrochemical giant took place - an enterprise for the production of synthetic rubber. The first rubber was obtained on October 24, 1962, and on May 15, 1963, the production of divinyl was mastered. Also in the 60s, large factories of gas equipment, oxygen engineering and others were launched.

By the 1980s, the agro-industrial, petrochemical and machine-building complexes were the most developed in the Omsk region. They accounted for 70% of the total industrial production of the region. The most important were the Omsk MPZ, the carbon black plant and the defense industry enterprises, among which the Poljot Production Association stood out.

In the era of market relations

The 90s are characterized by an almost two-fold decline in the regional economy. The engineering industry was particularly hard hit. For example, in 1995, the capacity utilization of defense industry plants did not exceed 40% on average. On the contrary, the Omsk Oil Refinery demonstrated enviable stability. He was and remains the leading domestic supplier in Russiafuel.

List of factories in Omsk and the Omsk region that made the largest contribution to the regional budget:

• Omskenergo (power industry);
• Sibneft-Omsk Refinery (fuel);
• Omskshina (chemical);
• "Rosar" (food);
• meat processing plant "Omsk" (food);
• Omsktehuglerod (chemical);
• transport engineering plant (engineering);
• TF Omskaya (food);
• ATPP "Osha" (food);
• Matador-Omskshina (chemical).

By 2015, manufacturing remains the leading sector of the regional economy. The Omsk refinery has become the second largest refinery in the world (up to 29 million tons of oil annually) and the most technologically advanced in the country.

OJSC Omskshina accounts for 20% of tires produced in Russia. Tire brands "Matador-Omskshina" and "Matador" are in demand in the domestic and foreign markets. The carbon black plant is one of the petrochemical leaders in Russia.

The growth of the state defense order contributed to the development of Omsk engineering in the defense industry sector. The Research Institute of Instrument Engineering became part of the Orion concern, Omsktransmash was transferred to Uralvagonzavod, Moscow Region. Baranova entered the structure of the Salyut Scientific and Production Center for Gas Turbine Engineering, the Polyot Production Association was transformed from an independent enterprise into a branch of the GKNPTs im. Khrunichev. The inclusion of these plants in large holdings allowed them to access government funding.