Pyrolysis oven. What it is?

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Pyrolysis ovens in their work use the principle of combustion with a lack of oxygen with the release of the so-called wood, or generator gas. It consists of fifty percent nitrogen and the same amount of a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane.

Many enterprises specializing in the production of heating boilers and furnaces produce such devices. The principle of their operation is almost the same in any design. Now a layer of soapstone is pressed into their body. This environmentally friendly mineral has a high specific heat capacity. It accumulates heat, which then slowly releases it, increasing thermal inertia.

News in the device

The pyrolysis oven consists of two sections. The inner compartment of the cylindrical firebox is built into the outer casing. Air ducts are installed in the space between them to remove heat. The pyrolysis oven is equipped with an inflatable fan controlled by a wall thermostat. This allows you to maintain the temperature in the premises within the desired limits.

In the Burelyan pyrolysis oven, convective pipes protect the thin body from thermal shocks. In more modern designs, the case is made thicker, more resistant to these impacts. Newdevices of this type have a chimney made of corrosion-resistant sheet steel with special heat-resistant insulation "Korund", which greatly simplifies the complex chimney. The latter is equipped with a condensate collector and a removable flange for cleaning it. Under the flange there is a faucet for draining condensate. Such a device is loaded only twice a day. At the same time, firewood does not burn, but smolders. It develops efficiency up to 70%.

Pyrolysis oven - device principle

In any pyrolysis oven, the process of burning firewood occurs in two of its compartments. In one, gas is released, and in the other, its afterburning. They do not have gas burners.

The process of their work is as follows. Firewood is laid in the fuel chamber. They must be dry. A pyrolysis oven can also work on fresh wood, only much worse. Firewood is kindled. The combustion chamber door closes tightly. After that, the fan-exhauster is turned on, which creates a vacuum inside the case. Due to this, oxygen gradually enters the combustion chamber from the outside through the diaphragm. As a result, the gasification process begins. The resulting gas, with the help of a fan-smoke exhauster, enters the lower compartment, lined with fireclay bricks, and burns there, giving off heat to the water pipes. The combustion temperature of wood gas is quite high and reaches 1250°C.

The power of the heat generator is regulated by switching on and off the exhaust fan. Such a device, operating on the principle of burning wood gas, is non-autonomous. The fan needs electricity to operate. In case ofit can be turned off by installing diesel burners. Despite all the difficulties, these devices have a higher efficiency than conventional furnaces. There are few combustion products left in it. Its combustion chamber is usually larger than that of a conventional one. The combustion process in it is sufficiently controllable.

There is one more direction - Kuznetsov furnaces. The concept of such a device is to get the maximum heat from the fuel and use it to heat the room with the highest efficiency. In them, the movement of heated gases does not occur by force, but naturally in accordance with the laws of physics. It uses a special device - caps, which allow you to do this.