Diamond boring machine: types, device, operating principle and operating conditions

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

The combination of a complex cutting direction configuration and solid-state working equipment allows diamond boring equipment to perform extremely delicate and critical metalworking operations. Such units are trusted to create shaped surfaces, correct holes, straighten ends, etc. At the same time, the diamond boring machine is universal in terms of application possibilities in various fields. It is used not only in specialized industries, but also in private workshops, as well as in households.

Machine design

The bearing base of the unit is quite massive, which is due to the characteristics of the workpieces that are usually processed on such devices. The sole of the structure is formed by a plate, a pedestal and a bed provided with groovedniches for attaching a functional platform. The working part is a spindle head for holding a processing tool with moving arms and replaceable boring bars. The workpiece can be located in different ways - in the vertical designs of the diamond boring machine, for example, a kind of object table with holding clamps is provided for the parts.

In terms of the power base, most units of this type contain an electric motor with a drive infrastructure, lubrication and cooling systems. More technologically advanced versions also include a block of electrical equipment with CNC elements, due to which the automation of the production process is carried out with the ability to intelligently adjust processing parameters.

The principle of operation of the unit

Mechanical impact has a processing tool in the form of cutters of various shapes and sizes. Rotation is provided by a drive connected to a worktop with a workpiece or to a pedestal with an integrated spindle, which maintains the working torque in the medium ranges of 225-550 rpm. The torque transmission in a diamond boring machine is usually communicated by means of a belt drive. With regard to the regulation of the operating mode, the speed can be adjusted by changing the interchangeable pulleys or by controlling the stepped transmission. In units with a hydraulic working unit, a stepless gear setting principle is implemented, which makes it possible to optimize control processes with workpiece movement cycles instream processing mode. Hydraulics also makes it possible to move auxiliary mechanisms outside the machine base, which minimizes the negative impact of thermal deformations and increases the accuracy of mechanical action on parts.

Varieties of equipment

All diamond boring machines are classified according to two criteria - the number of spindles and the structural form factor (horizontal and vertical models). With regard to the first feature, single and multi-spindle units can be distinguished, the difference between which lies in the possibility of simultaneous processing of a part at several points. Obviously, the price of a diamond boring machine with one spindle, which can be 250-300 thousand rubles, is lower than the cost of multi-spindle models. However, this does not mean that such machines lose in terms of processing quality. As for the form factor, the fundamental difference between horizontal and vertical machines lies in the way the torque is transmitted and the direction of rotation. In the first case, the rotation of the table is assumed, and in vertical units, the movement is realized with a drive to the spindle directly.

Machine operating conditions

Since the purpose of the equipment is associated with the performance of high-precision machining operations, the organization of the workflow should be approached carefully and responsibly. First of all, all components and parts of the machine must be checked for integrity and reliability of operation. Furtherthe electrical infrastructure is checked, including the quality of the safety base and the grounding system.

Recommended operating conditions for diamond boring machines - indoors at a temperature of 10 to 35 °C with a humidity coefficient of up to 80%. For safety reasons, a system for removing metal chips and supply and exhaust ventilation should be organized. The machine itself must be firmly fixed, and unnecessary tools and materials removed from the working surfaces. The operator starts working in protective overalls with stable lighting with sufficient brightness.

Popular models of diamond boring machine

Traditional representatives of this class today are being replaced by more technologically advanced universal milling units. Therefore, the bulk of the diamond boring machines on the market are domestic or used foreign equipment:

• Model 2E78PN. Massive unit designed for large format boring with finishing. The presence of two electric motors with an average power of 2 kW allows the use of this model in large metalworking industries.
• Model 2A78. Diamond boring machine with vertical column designed for small format machining operations. In particular, the unit is used for boring engine liners, cylinder blocks, drilling in parts, etc.
• Model 3V622D. An optimized version of the machine, oriented towards working operations in machine and tractor workshops. Atmodest power at the level of 1.2 kW and increased speeds, this machine realizes high-quality processing with millimeter accuracy.

Conclusion

Fine finishing of metal parts is always in demand in many areas of industry and is demanding on performance characteristics. In this sense, a diamond boring machine can be considered as a specialized and even targeted tool for performing such tasks. The unit has retained the basic principles of fine diamond processing since Soviet times, but today it is being actively modernized in various structural parts and functional properties. For example, there are more and more CNC versions of diamond boring machines with semi-automatic drive and advanced options that increase the quality of processing.