Who is an entrepreneur? Entrepreneur's rights. Self employed

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

The term "entrepreneur" was first coined around 1800. Jean-Baptiste Say, a French economist, began to use this word. A private entrepreneur, by his definition, was a person who transferred economic resources from an unproductive to a highly productive sphere and reaped the benefits from this activity.

Historical background

In Russian pre-revolutionary trade legislation, an entrepreneur was called a merchant. A person who carried out commercial transactions in the form of fishing on his own behalf was recognized as him. In the USSR, entrepreneurs were recognized by law after the entry into force of the Law of November 19, 1986. This normative act allowed individual work activities in the field of handicrafts, consumer services, and other activities that were based solely on the individual labor of people and their relatives.

Cherbaty's Manual

Determining who isentrepreneur, can be found in various reference and educational publications. For example, in the Shcherbatykh manual, a rather capacious description is given. A private entrepreneur, as the textbook says, is a person of a certain type who, in an effort to make a profit, independently chooses the way to carry out his economic activity. At the same time, he bears financial responsibility for the results. Speaking about who an entrepreneur is, Shcherbatykh also mentions that at the first stages of his activity, a merchant performs the duties of an employee, hired manager and owner of capital.

Popular Kiperman Dictionary

It says that entrepreneurship is one of the most effective methods by which incentives for highly productive work, master's motivation are supported. The real owner will always be an entrepreneur, if we mean an individual citizen or a work team. Any type of economic activity can be attributed to commerce, if their implementation does not contradict the law.

Efon and Brockhaus Economic Dictionary

This edition defines the enterprise. It is an economy that is conducted with the expectation of making a profit through the sale of products in the form of an exchange or sale. On this basis, the enterprise is distinguished from subsistence farming. In the latter, production is designed to directly satisfy the needs of its members. Today, pure subsistence farming is quite rare, since such activitiesincreasingly included in the exchange system.

Economic Dictionary, ed. Azriliana

This edition also defines what an entrepreneur is. The description is somewhat different from the concept used in Shcherbatykh's textbook. According to the economic dictionary, an individual entrepreneur is a person engaged in commercial activities and seeking funds to organize a business, thus assuming a risk. The publication also defines an initiative. It is understood as a form of sales and production management, which includes the development of new competitive projects. Entrepreneurial initiative, as the author says, is the prompt implementation of the most effective ideas and the organization of a system of measures for the most efficient and fastest marketing of new products produced using new technologies.

Other definitions

In his dictionary, Ozhegov also explains what an entrepreneur is. According to Ozhegov, he is a capitalist, a business owner, a major figure, a practical and enterprising person. In one of his articles, Stevenson defines entrepreneurship as the science of management, the essence of which can be formulated as the pursuit of opportunities without regard to the resources that are currently under control. In other countries, the concept of "merchant" is common. Such a status is recognized for a person who carries out transactions and other business activities in the form of entrepreneurship on his own behalf.

Legislativebase

The regulations in force today not only determine who an entrepreneur is, but also establish the legal possibilities and obligations of merchants. Activities are provided for and protected by the Constitution. The rights of an entrepreneur are in fact inseparable from the legally guaranteed opportunity to dispose of their own property. In this regard, entrepreneurs also call themselves those citizens who carry out episodic activities without any documents authorizing their conduct. For example, such people include those who resell goods. Under current regulations, commercial activities that are carried out by persons who are not registered as entrepreneurs or who do not have rights to it under the law are prosecuted by the Criminal Code.

FZ of 1991

The federal law establishes the right of citizens to conduct entrepreneurial activities individually, without the use of hired labor, and by forming an enterprise with the involvement of workers. To do this, a person must register as a PBOYuL. Thus, he becomes an entrepreneur without forming a legal entity. For such merchants, the law provides for certain restrictions, a special accounting procedure, and documentation requirements. When carrying out certain operations, an authorized representative of the entrepreneur may act. His authority is confirmed by a power of attorney certified by a notary.

Social Entrepreneur

He can form and manage non-profit and commercial organizations. Howeverin both cases, their functioning is determined by the fulfillment of a certain mission. For such activities, a citizen must have a number of qualities:

• Prosocial. It manifests itself in concern for the rights and well-being of other citizens, the desire to benefit them.
• Motivation. This quality implies a willingness to support the organization beyond the call of duty.
• Proactive. It provides for the ability of the individual to take the initiative to change the situation for the better.