What is a career? Career types. Types and stages of a business career

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Every person seeks to provide himself with comfortable conditions for life. But just like that, the money will not fall into our pocket. In order to earn them, you need to dedicate yourself to your profession, develop and grow in order to move up the career ladder.

Career and careerism in the system of business relations, definition

What is a career? The concept and types of career considered in the article allow you to find out how a person is promoted and with what you can increase the speed of career growth.

Career is not only a type of a person's occupation, his advancement in the professional field, but also the achievement of other goals, improving his position in society. It also sometimes includes possible future changes in the field of work that occur over time as a result of gaining experience.

Carerism is the desire to improve one's position in the professional field, to increase career growth. Sometimes people who "go over their heads" are called careerists, that is, they do not take into account feelings, generally accepted norms of morality, and family ties. Careeriststhey see their goal and go to it, no matter what. On the one hand, this positively characterizes a person - he is decisive, courageous, responsible. On the other hand, this person is callous and unpredictable, because due to financial rewards or promotions, he is ready to sacrifice something precious. But if earlier the term "careerist" had a negative connotation, now it has become synonymous with the words "ambitious", "provided", "significant for society".

The place of a career in people's lives

In a modern market economy, the measure of the usefulness of an individual, his skills and abilities is important. Therefore, in order to move up, a person must be able to fully reveal his qualities in the professional field. Unfortunately, it's not easy. But still, every employee wants to succeed, for which scientists, responding to the demand of society, study the types and stages of career, distinguish various classifications and theories.

Career from different perspectives

Donald Super, the most famous scientist who studied career growth and its attendant phenomena, believes that career is the totality of all social roles performed by an individual throughout life. Career success, in his opinion, depends on the "I-concept" - a person's own idea of \u200b\u200bhimself.

Donald Super considered such a concept as a career, types of career from different positions:

• in economic terms, a career is a certain position,occupied by an individual in the hierarchy of economic relations;
• in sociological terms, a career is a sequence of social roles of a person, demonstrating the mobility of the individual, its adaptability to certain conditions;
• Psychologically, a career is a series of roles an individual can play separately from one another, but is also quite good at playing them simultaneously.

Holland believes that a career is the result of moving a person from one position in the company to another.

Tolstaya argues that this phenomenon is characterized not by the actions of a person to improve a position in the company, but by the point of view of the individual, the corresponding behavior.

Types of career in the organization

Any employee sets certain goals for himself at the place of his professional activity. Some work only to receive wages, others need self-development, others want to develop, promote the professional growth of others, and also receive decent pay for their work. Any goals within a particular firm are defined as a business career.

There are these types of business careers:

• Within an organization - the movement of an individual within a particular place of work. It comes in various forms: horizontal, vertical and centripetal.
• Between organizations in which an individual goes through different stages: getting an education, hiring, moving forward in a profession, leaving due to retirementage.
• Professional career, divided into specialized and non-specialized. The first is that the individual worker goes through all the stages of a career in the field of his profession. In the second, a person changes jobs within the organization in order to form his opinion about it from all sides.
• Vertical, consisting in career advancement.
• Horizontal, involving frequent changes in professional interests and areas of activity, or being in a permanent position outside the hierarchy.
• Centripetal, where a person gradually approaches the concentration of power in the company.

Types of this concept from a psychological point of view

Psychologists define the following professional careers:

• situational - sudden events that do not depend on a person that change the course of his work;
• “from the boss” is also a random phenomenon in which management takes an active part;
• “from the development of the object”, where the employee himself unconsciously changes his fate, developing the company as a whole;
• personal career - active and successful work of individuals leads them to promotions;
• "over the corpses", in which a person is able to overcome any obstacles in order to achieve the desired goal, demolishing others in his path.

Careers, types of careers and their use in work activities lead to various consequences in terms of professionalism.

What are the stages of a business career

Types and stages of a careercall to each other, because it is impossible to immediately achieve a transfer from one organization to another, to switch to better working conditions, pay and schedule. To do this, you need to go through certain stages.

1. Preliminary - obtaining education and relevant qualifications up to 25-28 years. At this time, the individual is looking for his calling or favorite thing.
2. Becoming - mastering a certain occupation, obtaining the necessary qualities and knowledge. Up to 30 years, the formation of independence at this stage lasts.
3. Promotion - increasing skills and experience. Significant career advancement is possible. The individual is constantly striving for self-improvement and gaining more weight in society, careers are rapidly changing. Career types at this stage may overlap. This stage is passed by a person at the age of 30-45.
4. Preservation - the consolidation of the existing situation continues up to 60 years. Skills and skills are improved as a result of accumulated experience and education. Promotion still possible.
5. Completion - pre-retirement age forces you to look for a new person in a place and train him. A person's career ends around age 65.

Criteria for a successful career

There are 2 main criteria for a successful career: objective and subjective. The first is considered on the basis of two dimensions: advancement within the company or within the profession, regardless of the boundaries of organizations. At the same time, movement according to officialHierarchy is usually more significant for a person, as it is associated with changes in wages and social status. The subjective criterion is determined by the individual himself. He compares the result achieved with the desired goal, analyzes the stages and types of career used to achieve the required position, and also focuses on the social group and its signs of success.

The concept of "career management"

Career, types of career, its change, stages can be called career management. This concept is defined as goal setting, a method of long-term planning, monitoring one's professional level and means of improving it, the significance of one's skills and competencies. The analyzed main types of career and the factors influencing it, on their own example, allow you to see new ways of promotion.

Career management can also take place on the part of the company, which allows it to improve the quality of work of employees, and hence the productivity of the enterprise as a whole.

Factors affecting career fulfillment

They can be conditionally divided into two groups. In the first are the personal factors of the employee. What he is interested in, what motivates him, what direction of activity he prefers, increases the chances of success. But a good career is incompatible with unsteadiness and timidity, lack of purposefulness, focus not on self-development, but on the assessment of the external environment, the desire only to obtain material benefits.

The second group includes factors that depend onrelationship between the employee and the organization (its members). This is the impact of people around on the promotion of a person in the service and the way the company works, its type, tasks, features.