2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
Produced from the wells of oil fields are not a raw material in its pure form. Before the stages of the production process of the main processing with the receipt of a trade object with the necessary consumer qualities, the future energy resource goes through several technological stages of processing. The need for the implementation of these processes is due to the initial contamination of crude oil. Preparation for processing, in turn, provides not only basic cleaning of the composition from impurities, but also a wide range of physical and chemical operations with a point effect on individual characteristics of the mixture.
Preparation Tasks
Different technologies for extracting oil from a field have different effects on its final composition after extraction, which is especially pronounced in the methods of flowing and lift operation of a well. Usually,differences are expressed in the amounts of undesirable components that are present in the liquid. In particular, the preparation of oil for primary processing aims to regulate the following indicators:
- Water. Oil water cut can reach 98%, which requires a dehydration operation. Water itself, even in a processed petroleum product, can be used in certain proportions, however, already at the first stages of technological preparation, its presence makes it difficult to study the basic composition of raw materials, and also increases the cost of its transportation and maintenance processes.
- Associated gas. Again, lift technology has the greatest impact on gasification of crude oil, as it uses the energy of associated gas mixtures to lift the resource.
- Mineral s alts. Basically, oil is characterized by the presence of chlorides. Alkali forms a film of hydrochloric acid during hydrolysis, which negatively affects the surfaces of oil-serving equipment. Acceptable chloride content varies from 5 to 50 mg/l depending on the processing being performed.
- Mechanical impurities. As a rule, these are suspended particles of sand, limestone and clay, and sometimes surface-active compounds that form undesirable emulsions.
Stages of preparing oil for processing
Organization of logistics in the preparation of crude oil for processing depends on the conditions of production in the field and the characteristics of its composition. In general, the phased process of this event can bepresent like this:
- Recovered oil goes to a special receiver at the surface of the well, where the first preparation processes like degassing can be carried out.
- Initial preparation in the field is to remove formation water, coarse filtration, and exclude the main share of chlorides and mechanical impurities.
- The raw material is transported via the main gas pipeline to a special department of the refinery, where specialized preparation of oil for processing at the facilities of the same complex is carried out.
- Petroleum fluid enters the resource park, where it is analyzed and the parameters of further preparation processes are determined.
- Basic preparation of raw materials on specialized equipment.
Oil Recovery Technology
Installations for collecting and transporting oil under pressure are selected according to the characteristics of the well flow rate and design possibilities for accommodating equipment with communication links. The complexity of this system is due to the fact that in order to optimize production, several gathering points from different wells are simultaneously served, united by one layer.
What is the preparation of oil for processing at this stage? The resource enters the collection circuits in the form of a water-oil emulsion, which is separated using demulsifiers. Further, degassing processes with dehydration are also performed, but only to a degree sufficient to rationalize the transportation process. Self pumping and delivery of oilprovide pumping stations located both at the extraction sites at the resource deposits and on the oil pipeline line leading to the refinery.
Integrated Oil Treatment Equipment
To perform the main processes of preparing crude oil for further processing, ELOU units (electric desalination plant) are used. On their platform, the processes of heat treatment, desalination, dehydration, purification from impurities, etc. are carried out. On modern ELOU devices, the process of preparing oil for processing is carried out with heat treatment up to 120 ° C, which is performed by steam heaters. Also, some modifications provide for the presence of blocks with sedimentation tanks that improve the quality of the output product.
Preparation process
The list of technological stages of preparation may vary depending on the requirements for the processed raw material and its initial state. After pumping oil through a series of heated heat exchangers, an electric dehydrator comes into operation. At this stage, the main separation processes are performed, after which demulsifiers are introduced into the composition.
By the way, the preparation of oil for processing can also have reverse technological processes. For example, in an injector mixer, the operations of mixing oil with s alt and water are performed. What is it for? Depending on the parameters of future refining procedures, the same s alt (or alkali) may be required as a necessary component of commercial oil. The same applies to water content. In addition, additional s altinjected to neutralize acids and suppress possible processes of hydrogen sulfide corrosion.
Chemical method of dehydration and desalination
Regulation of the mineral composition of oil, coupled with dehydration and des alting operations, can be performed in various ways, including chemical ones. In this case, the working installation involves the introduction of demulsifiers into the composition of the emulsion. This is a group of chemical reagents, the addition of which ensures the separation of oil and water. Then the active molecules are mechanically affected in a centrifuge with a separation effect.
Electrotechnical method of dehydration and desalination
This method of preparing oil for processing involves the use of the laws of physics, in which suspended particles under the influence of current are removed in a natural way when the thermal regime and pressure in the emulsion containment chamber change. Thus, fractions of water, gas, oil and s alt with impurities are separated.
Conclusion
Preparatory operations in the context of the basic processing of crude oil are expressed in a wide range of technological processes that use methods of chemical, physical, thermal and electromagnetic effects. Briefly, the preparation of oil for processing can be reflected in the form of the main operations of mechanical cleaning, des alting, dehydration and degassing. Moreover, each of these procedures will be conditional, since there are no clear anduniversal parameters of the content of a particular component in the final product.
Water, alkali and even separate mechanical impurities can be a necessary component of marketable oil in certain ratios. In this sense, the tasks of preparing raw materials for industrial processing can be represented as a way of complex regulation of its characteristics with an emphasis on the requirements of a particular processing plant.
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