Bank accounts: types and characteristics. How to open a bank account

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Today, few people imagine their life without plastic cards and deposits. All monetary transactions go through banking organizations for convenience and improving the quality of life. The main thing is to skillfully use accounts, and then a plastic card will become a powerful tool in your hands. There are many varieties of them, each of which, in fact, will be discussed in this article.

Tool of modern man

First you need to figure out what is the meaning of the phrase bank account. First of all, it is a system that accumulates non-cash funds of enterprises and citizens, as well as finances in economic activities. In order to carry out monetary transactions, as a rule, customers open different types of bank accounts with legal status. They are a source of funding and a variety of activities for each client. open depending ongoals of the citizen.

Classification

There are the following types of bank accounts:

1. Settlement accounts - necessary for doing business. With their help, financial resources are credited, settlements with contractors and suppliers, various transfers, operations with credit funds, as well as payments and salaries to employees. Both an enterprise and an individual can open current accounts in banks to carry out monetary transactions that are directly related to their economic activity.

2. Transit. As a rule, they are used to accrue export earnings, which can be sold if the terms of the contract are met. This account can be called temporary. It is opened as a supplement to the currency one.

3. Current. It is necessary for ordinary citizens or commercial organizations. As a rule, it receives money that can be withdrawn using an ATM or a bank cash desk.

4. Deposit. It is concluded under an agreement and is intended for the storage of funds.

5. Loan - used for loans issued to customers with a return.

6. Currency bank account. Required for financial transactions when working with funds presented in foreign currency. You can easily pay for goods and transfer funds for certain services from it.

7. Card. Used to transfer funds using a bank card.

Types of accounts opened with a bank can be nominal andnumbered. This also needs to be taken into account. The first are opened, as a rule, according to a standard package. It is impossible to work with them without presenting documents confirming the identity. Number plates serve for maximum protection of documentation and funds of each client. To open such an account, it is necessary to use a certain cipher, a digital code that hides all the information of the applicant. This code is known only to selected bank employees and the client of the bank. The scheme of registered and numbered accounts is widely used in Swiss banks and is the most reliable.

Special bank accounts for a short period

If you need to open an account for an indefinite period, use a term deposit. As a rule, it opens for a period of one month to two years. It can be longer. You can demand a payout at any time, but you risk losing your accumulated profit. There is also a bank account on demand, where you can put a certain amount of money on any day and withdraw it at the first need. When opening it, you should know that the interest charged is the most minimal. To date, you can open accounts in US dollars, Euros, as well as Russian rubles. With the help of multicurrency deposits, you can convert currencies from one to another. This is very convenient for those who often travel or go on business trips abroad.

Foreign currency

Under the wording foreign currency should be understood banknotes, which are recognized as legal tender, correspondingforeign states. If banknotes were withdrawn from circulation or limited in circulation, they cannot be called foreign currency. For the purpose of transferring and settling such funds, a foreign currency account was created. In addition to it, there is a deposit, or deposit, designed to store free finance. Deposits are made to the client of the bank on the basis of a formal agreement. It states that the party that accepted the amount of money received from the depositor or investor is obliged to return the funds with the payment of interest at the rate stipulated by the agreement.

Interest calculation

In addition, there are also bank accounts for the calculation of interest. There are several types of them. The first one is monthly. Profit is added to the main contribution once a month. In the second case, interest is accrued to the depositor at the end of the term, adding to the total amount of the deposit. The third option you can choose when making a deposit is quarterly. You will receive interest from the deposit every week, three months or even six months. It already depends on the bank you choose or the specific deposit. It is always necessary to remember that when opening any bank account, you are required to pay a minimum deposit. It is different for each financial institution and varies from one hundred rubles to several hundred thousand. But in most cases, the amount does not exceed 10 thousand Russian rubles.

Why do I need a checking account?

According to the current legislation, opening bank accounts is not mandatory,however, it provides an excellent opportunity to make non-cash payments to some individual entrepreneurs. In other words, any monetary transactions made in this way give the right to create their own enterprise, while not obliging customers to anything. If you have your own account, you can fully carry out entrepreneurial activities. It can be opened at any banking institution, regardless of the place of residence, registration or the territory where the enterprise is located. If an individual entrepreneur closes or opens a current account, it is imperative to notify the tax service about this, and within ten days, no later. Thus, the entrepreneur needs to draw up a written application on a special form, which is sent to the tax office. If you are already a client of a financial institution, you also need to notify the tax authority about this, indicating in which bank the current account was opened before registering as an individual entrepreneur.

When concluding an agreement (during the creation of a settlement account), you need to be aware that the bank institution is obliged to accept and credit funds incoming to the wallet at your order. At the same time, financial institutions have the right to dispose of the money that is on your current account. Let's talk about this in more detail.

Regulatory framework, or What you should pay special attention to

First, consider the obligations of the bank when concluding the contract:

1. Uninterrupted payment of funds within a clearly defined timeframe.
2. Paying interest for being a financial institutionuses customer funds. Compliance with the terms stipulated by the contract and payment at the end of each quarter;
3. Implementation of operations with customer accounts provided for by law.

If you plan to open a bank account (IP), please note that financial institutions do not have the right to disclose transactions carried out on it. They are responsible for the confidentiality of each client. Information relating to any monetary transactions can only be received by the owner or his representative. If you have opened a bank account for an LLC, the bank may provide government law enforcement or other officials with information of interest to them. But! Only in cases provided for by applicable law.

Thus, when opening a current account with a financial institution, it is necessary to adhere to the regulatory framework, collect all the necessary documentation, and register with the tax office. If you are planning to open a bank account for an individual entrepreneur on your own, this attempt is unlikely to be successful. As a result, the bank has the right to suspend access to the electronic wallet of a legal entity or individual. It is best to turn to professionals who know their business. They will select a suitable financial institution for you and prepare all the necessary documents.

Special and universal bank accounts

You should know that thanks to universal accounts you can make absolutely any operations withwith their own funds. True, there are certain restrictions established by regulatory legal acts and directly by the bank itself. The current account, which we have already talked about, refers to the universal one. It is basic and provides for compliance with certain regulatory requirements. To open it, the client must provide the following documents: a certificate of tax registration, state registration of a legal entity or registration of an individual as an individual entrepreneur.

It is necessary to take into account the fact that the number of settlement accounts that a client has the right to open is not limited by the current legislation. Organizations and institutions that have separate branches, stores and warehouses can open sub-accounts for making transfers and crediting revenue at the place of their divisions. This is an important factor to take into account. Settlement accounts include accounts for the performance of work on production sharing. They are used to transfer funds, as well as pay expenses related to tax payment, own agreement, and so on.

Unlike universal, special accounts provide for the targeted use of existing financial resources. In addition, there must be an entity that will exercise control.

Bank accounts for legal entities

To create a bank account in a bank, a legal entity must provide the following papers:

• constituent documentation;
• certificate of state registration;
• card;
• license (special permit), which is usually issued to a legal entity in the manner prescribed by law;
• documents that can confirm the powers of the executive body;
• official documents that confirm the authority of the persons indicated in the card. They are allowed to dispose of the funds that are on the account of a legal entity.

It should be noted that bank accounts, the types of which allow you to perform many operations, have several modes. The first is legal and is partly determined by legislation. The second one is special. As a rule, it is established either by a formal contract or by law.

A special legal regime is established for budget, currency, ruble (in banks of the Russian Federation), deposit and card accounts. Here, the bank is exclusively engaged in attracting funds to wallets not for their storage. The main goal is to use finance as a resource for issuing loans. When a bank enters into a transaction, it does not assume responsibility for any specific transactions that comply with constitutional commissions or instructions. The Bank assumes the obligation to make settlement transactions in the future, if there is any need for them. It should also be said that the bank does not have the legal right to refuse the client to conclude settlement transactions if they fully comply with the law and cover all cash costs.

In order to open a current account inbank for an LLC, it is necessary to fill out a lot of papers, notarize copies of all constituent documents. There are also companies that offer their services to save you time. An experienced legal consultant will bring you up to date, recommend a good branch and transfer your data there. Even turning to a professional, you should pay attention to the following types of bank accounts and agreements:

• framework agreement - consideration of the settlement transactions that you will make in the future;
• services specified in the contract - accounting for the balance, which will constantly change on your electronic wallet;
• independent view - remainder.

Highlights

The Bank is obliged to make all settlement transactions in accordance with the official agreement. The main element defines the legal purpose of bank accounts and cashless payments.

Operations can be carried out by both parties to the agreement - a credit institution, as well as directly by the client himself. In this case, the bank must have an appropriate license. An individual, state, legal entity (both Russian and foreign) using the services can make settlement transactions. A personal bank account is drawn up using an agreement, which is a single document. However, its absence does not mean that the contractual relationship was not drawn up. When a client submits an application to open a bank account for an LLC, he makes an offer. Acceptance is made only after the signature of the head.

Bank liabilities

The Bank has its obligations towards customers. Firstly, he must manage all the operations performed. This means that the banking system is obliged to credit funds and write them off. Secondly, a financial institution must timely entrust the client with settlement and cash issues, without abandoning cash transactions that serve the interests of the client. Thirdly, the bank is obliged to pay each client for the balance of funds in his account. It is also important that the accounts of organizations in banks are under the strictest protection. That is, the bank is obliged to keep secret and not disclose the client's personal information to third parties regarding payments and funds that are received on his personal account. The correct and timely implementation of settlement operations is the observance by the bank of all established legislative deadlines and grounds for payment.

Among other things, the bank must, within a certain period of time, make transfers that are addressed to the client, in accordance with the settlement document. The term for transferring funds to special bank accounts should not exceed one day. This condition may not be met only if the contract contains clauses on the terms provided for by law.

For all types of bank accounts, as a rule, appropriate agreements are drawn up, according to which both parties (the owner and the banking system) have certain obligations. One of them is the order of payments. In accordance with the law, when the deadlinepayment must follow the sequence of writing off the funds of the owners according to the relevant documents.

There are two rules that determine the order. First, the balance fully allows you to cover all the claims. In this case, the documents are paid in accordance with the calendar sequence of payments. The second rule is determined by the fact that in the event of a lack of funds, all claims are automatically canceled. Then the owner is obliged to deposit a certain amount into the bank account. For the second option, the legislation provides for six separate groups of non-cash payments:

1. 

   Debiting occurs according to payment documents providing for payments to state funds and the budget. They are usually listed for the salaries of official workers.

2. Write-offs provided for by executive documents that represent budgetary payments, as well as off-budget funds. Such operations are performed in the third queue.
3. Debits provided for by executive documents, which represent the issuance of funds from accounts in order to satisfy claims for compensation for harm that was caused to life and he alth. This also includes a clause on the recovery of alimony.
4. Write-offs for the issuance of finance for settlements on payments of severance pay, as well as payment to employees who work according to the contract. It also provides for the payment of remuneration, prescribed in the author's agreement.
5. Debits that may beproduced in calendar order.
6. Write-offs under executive documents satisfying other financial requirements.

Regardless of what types of accounts you choose, the system has the right to control the use of your funds and transfers. This should be remembered, since this clause is mandatory prescribed in the contract. Also, the bank may establish other restrictions that are not provided for by law or the agreement. This means that your finances can be disposed of by the banking system at its discretion, and bank accounts of organizations are no exception to the rule.

Customer obligations

The client is obliged to pay a certain amount as a reward for settlement and cash services. Also, in connection with the stipulated agreement, transactions on bank accounts made on transfers of funds held on the account of the owner are fully paid. By signing the agreement, the client undertakes to provide financial coverage for settlement and cash transactions, which is carried out by making a cash deposit or transfers from third parties. It should be noted that the owner has the right not to invest all his funds in a particular bank account. Despite this, he must leave enough money on it for the banking system to carry out cash and settlement transactions.

If these conditions are not met, the bank has every right to refuse to conduct settlement and cash transactions and provide other services. In this case, the owner is not obliged to invest his fundsto bank accounts, the types of which can be studied at the beginning of the article. It is also possible to terminate the contract if the balance is below the required amount. As a rule, customers receive appropriate warnings.