Industrial oil: types, characteristics

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Industrial oil is a product of oil refining. It is used to lubricate elements of various systems, and is also used as a hydraulic fluid. Let us consider in more detail the characteristics and types of these lubricating fluids.

Classification

Industrial oil is divided according to different parameters. For example, according to the method of production, they are in the form:

• residuals obtained during the release of tars from asph alt;
• distillate produced by vacuum distillation of fuel oil;
• a compounded mixture made by mixing distillate and residual oil.

Depending on the scope of use, they are:

• motor;
• hydraulic;
• transmission.

Also has different private characteristics industrial oil. These are density, viscosity, and so on.

In order to achieve the desired effect, additives with different purposes are added to the base of the lubricating fluid. Among them, depressant agents are distinguished, which increase wear resistance, viscosity, and alsoanti-corrosion, detergent and many others. As a percentage, the additive content can be from 8 to 20%.

Scope of application

Industrial oil is commonly used for:

• increasing the life of the units;
• corrosion protection;
• reducing friction between parts;
• Temperature reduction by friction.

Oil is used as a material for high speed operation of various mechanisms. Special additives are added to units operating under certain loads, in adverse conditions or in an abrasive environment.

The industrial oil that was in use and that was restored is used for hardening, grinding, polishing and preservation.

Oil-based emulsions are used as coolants and for lubrication in leather greasing and building materials.

GOST

Industrial oil must meet certain requirements. They are set out in the state standard under the number 20799-88. According to this document, industrial lubricants have the following characteristics.

Density is 890 kilograms per cubic meter. The power transmission of the hydraulic fluid depends on this indicator. As the density increases, its transmission size decreases, but the power remains the same.

Viscosity is a parameter that varies depending on temperature, as well as on operating conditions. This indicator hasdifferent index. The higher one is characterized by greater fluidity at low temperatures.

Flash point indicates ignition of grease.

Pour point affects pouring and storage conditions.

The hue indicates the oxidation of the product.

Ash content reflects inorganic compounds after combustion. It turns out that the higher the ash content, the lower the degree of purification. It should be no more than 0.4%.

Sulfur content and acid number indicate the degree of purification from these substances. The second is determined depending on the weight of caustic potash.

Depending on the resistance to oxidation, the oil has a different duration of use. Low antioxidant property is characterized by a short duration of use.

Film formation can be used for different purposes, which will vary its composition (it can be wear-resistant, anti-corrosion, protective, moisture-resistant, anti-foam, and so on).

Due to the demulsifying properties, emulsions are created.

Engine oils

This type of oil is marked with the letter "M" and is divided into subspecies. Oils are A, B, C, D, D, E.

Groups A and B are suitable for unboosted or lightly boosted motors. C and G are designed for medium and high-powered units. D and E can only be used in ships and stationary diesel engines.

The numbers in the marking show the type of unit: 1 - these are carburetors, 2 - suitable for diesel engines.

If availablenecessary, it is allowed to mix oils belonging to the same group and for the same season. But different seasonality and groups cannot be mixed with each other.

Gear oils

Transmission lubricating fluids have similar purposes to motor oils. They are used to operate at high loads, in extreme temperature conditions and at lower speeds.

The marking of such oils contains the following information:

• capital letters indicate the scope of use, where T is transmission, C is from granular raw materials, and A is automotive;
• lowercase indicates the presence of additives or distillate;
• numbers mean viscosity index.

Sometimes, however, you can also meet the letter B. It means that this industrial oil has technical characteristics of improved quality. It modifies the version it belongs to.

For low temperatures, Tsp-10 lubricant is considered the best indicator, which can be used all year round in the northern regions.

Hydraulic lubricants and their cost

In hydraulic systems, hydraulic lubricating fluid is used, which has ten classes of viscosity classification, engine fluid for atmospheric and diesel installations, as well as various industrial oils. The price for different types varies. For example, ITD-68 grease costs only 42 rubles per kilogram, and I-40A costs 68 rubles. Specialized oils are differenthigher prices.

These are the main characteristics of industrial lubricating fluids.