Industrial ventilation: features, installation options and reviews

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Industrial ventilation is a process whose purpose is to comply with technological and hygienic requirements in production, including air in the workplace.

Task and functions

Design and installation of industrial ventilation solve several problems, the main one being the determination of air exchange processes. After the necessary calculations, specialists determine the conditions of the technical process in production, the volume and nature of harmful emissions, and, taking into account these data, design a ventilation system.

It's almost impossible to pinpoint the required data. A lot here is played by the erudition and experience of specialists: technologists, designers, engineers. If you determine the amount of air removed from the room incorrectly, even the most expensive and modern ventilation will not give the desired effect.

Why do we need ventilation of industrial premises?

Its main function is to provide comfortable conditions for the stay of employees of this production workshop. In addition, due to competent ventilation, the necessary technological processes and storage requirements are provided.one type of product or another.

It is with the help of ventilation systems that enterprises create optimal conditions in accordance with sanitary standards. They not only improve production efficiency and worker productivity, but also improve the quality of manufactured products, reducing the reject rate.

During the ventilation process, dust particles and excess moisture are removed from the air in the production room, and the optimum temperature is set. The air is cleaned of combustible, explosive and simply harmful to human he alth substances.

Harmful substances emitted at work

Industrial ventilation and air conditioning purify the air and neutralize the negative impact of substances released during production. For example, they successfully cope with excessive heat and moisture release, remove substances in vapor and gaseous form, including various toxins that are harmful to he alth.

Industrial ventilation solves the problem of excessive dustiness of premises, when dust particles are emitted into the air in an amount exceeding the maximum permissible values. The same applies to smoke particles and aerosol substances. Finally, during the production process, the smallest particles of liquid are concentrated in the air in the form of fog or hollow drops of gas bubbles.

All these "harmful things" are carried by air. And the ventilation system just determines the desired air flow, forming temperature fields. It constantly removes polluted air from the outside, and blows clean cool air from outside. Such air exchangeis carried out by special exhaust equipment.

Design and calculation of ventilation

So, industrial ventilation directly affects work efficiency. Many technical processes depend on its correct calculation and functioning. Therefore, before installing industrial ventilation, experts carefully calculate the intensity and frequency of air renewal in the room. Here are the factors that are taken into account.

• The area of the production facility, its dimensions and height;
• Design features and architectural nuances;
• Designation of an industrial facility;
• Size and type of installations that release harmful substances into the air;
• Number of workers permanently indoors and duration of their stay;
• Location of workplaces;
• The number of pieces of equipment and the level of its workload, as well as much more.

Industrial ventilation in Moscow and other large cities is organized according to certain requirements. For example, a small room with an area of less than 20 square meters should receive at least 30 cubic meters of clean air per hour per person.

Equipment in the ventilation system

There are two main types of equipment in the ventilation system: exhaust and supply. The exhaust, or industrial exhaust ventilation, is responsible for the removal of dirty air, and the supply air is responsible for supplying clean air. They arecan work either simultaneously or randomly. However, the amount of air supplied and exhausted is always the same.

Depending on the method of air injection, industrial ventilation is divided into mechanical and natural. The latter is carried out due to the natural movement of air inside the room, due to different pressures and the action of winds. Mechanical ventilation, respectively, works due to installed fans.

To increase the safety of the technical process of ventilation, in some cases, an emergency or backup system is installed.

Inlet ventilation

So, industrial supply ventilation is used to replace the dirty air exhausted from the premises with clean, injected from the outside. It is divided into two types: local and general exchange.

General ventilation

This system purifies the air in the most polluted areas. With its help, air is supplied in quantities sufficient to dilute harmful substances to the maximum permissible values. When it comes to thermal values, the temperature is lowered to the limit to prevent excess heat.

Local ventilation

Serves to create specific settings in a well-defined room. Technically, it is implemented using special constructions, including:

• air curtain - a flat air jet that prevents harmful substances from the air from entering a certain area;
• air shower - directional air jet, for example,for an industrial plant or for a worker;
• air oasis - a system for filling a certain part of the room with clean air.

So, general industrial ventilation neutralizes only excess heat and reduces the concentration of harmful substances in the air. If during the production process there is a significant release of harmful gases, vapors and dust, a mixed system is used, based on general ventilation, but with local exhausts.

In enterprises with increased dust and gas emission, it is not recommended to install a general exchange ventilation system. In this case, the more powerful the equipment, the stronger the harmful substances will spread throughout the production area.

What are industrial fans?

Today there are different types of fans. Here are the main ones.

• Axial. The most common variety in modern production. It can be installed not only in industry, but also in the domestic ventilation system. The design of this apparatus is familiar to everyone and is a casing with blades.
• Rooftop. As the name implies, it is installed on the roofs of shops, warehouses, and other manufacturing enterprises. Also used in the ventilation system of residential complexes.
• Duct. Often used in offices, mounted under false ceilings or in duct networks, directly in the ventilation duct.

Except for regular ones,there are fans with special functions.

• Soundproof. They are placed in rooms where even the seemingly minimal noise from the fan needs to be neutralized. For example, in medical institutions or libraries.
• Heat resistant. They can operate in a wide temperature range - from minus 20 to plus 100 degrees. Made from highly durable materials and covered with a special fire-resistant paint.
• Explosion resistant. They are used in enterprises whose activities are related to the production of explosive gases. They are made of special silumin material, resistant to corrosion and extra durable.
• Resistant to aggressive environments. Indispensable in chemical plants or laboratories where there are chemically aggressive substances in the gaseous state.
• For smoke removal. Such fans are often seen in emergency ventilation systems. They do an excellent job of removing polluted air and reducing smoke from fires.

Industrial ventilation systems are an important part of any production, and competent specialists should be engaged in their design and installation.