District station. Separate point designed to handle transit freight and passenger trains

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Despite technological progress, the railway has been the most popular passenger and freight transport in Russia for many years. It's not just about the convenience of delivering people, transporting goods, or the stability of Russian Railways, but partly also about the special romance of railways: beautiful landscapes outside the window, rhythmic clatter of wheels, villages and cities drifting away into the distance, as well as numerous stations.

Be it passenger, technical sectional stations or any other - each of them is full of life in its own way: informational and warning announcements of announcers about movement and shunting actions at the station echo in space; Responsible railroad workers in orange vests are busily tapping the wheelsets of wagons, carefully preparing the trains for safe movement.

Separate items

The conditional separation of the entire route into separate points helps to organize the movement of trains:

• stations;
• passing points;
• road trips;
• travel posts;
• auto-blocking traffic lights (checkpoints);
• block sections of automatic response of locomotive equipment (independent means of signaling rolling stock).

All separate points, including passenger stops and auxiliary posts, have their numbers and names placed on the right and left sides of the facades of buildings, as well as on the edges of the boarding platforms, which are visible when driving from any direction.

Railway stop

Operation of railway stations is an important component in organizing the work of the entire railway transport industry.

Each station belongs to one of the types of separate points and has a certain track development. The facilities available at the stations allow for various railway manipulations:

• sending, receiving, overtaking, crossing trains;
• delivery and acceptance of baggage, various types of cargo or cargo luggage;
• provision of service for railway passengers;
• actions of maneuver teams for reorganization and maintenance of trains (with the development of the track apparatus).

Any railway station implies the presence of mandatory elements and includes:

1. Track facilities, consisting of tracks and track parks(receiving-departure, sorting park and others), connected by transfer arrows. All paths and arrows have a mandatory numbering. Useful sections of the tracks are limited by traffic lights or limit posts. Dead ends are equipped with special stops and are used for official purposes, including the laying of railway equipment.
2. Cargo facilities with equipment for loading and unloading operations: special sections of tracks, warehouses, terminals, sorting points and others.
3. Centralized and signaling equipment: control systems for arrows, traffic lights, as well as hump automation - GAC (for work on sorting humps).

Classification of railway stations

Depending on the purpose and functionality, the stations are divided into categories:

1. Passenger stations serve people. They are built in fairly large settlements and operate the movement of passenger trains, operations with tickets, mail, luggage.
2. Freight stations - operate freight wagons, commercial and general cargo, process incoming trains and form return trains. Rail lines of industrial enterprises are sometimes connected to such stations.
3. . Sidings and passing sections belong to this type of station.
4. Technical stopping points of the railway include marshalling, pre-port and precinct stations. They are not prevailing and perform working and engineering manipulations with cars, trains, trains to organize safe transportation.

How many separate points on Russian Railways

There are a large number of separate points in the railway network of the Russian Federation. Taking into account the varieties of stations, their quantitative composition is as follows:

• sorting – 95;
• trucks – 680;
• passenger – 57;
• precinct - 350;
• intermediate stations, sidings and passing sections of track - 4404.

District station

According to statistics, there are a lot of district stations among all Russian Railways stations. They belong to stations of the first and second classes, which means that they have some priority in terms of budget financing and the determination of wages, depending on the complexity of the operations performed at the station and the volume of work carried out. The main purpose of the precinct station is to process all types of transit trains, maintain sidings and reorganize (sort) precinct, export and collection trains through shunting operations.

The distance from one such station to another is from one and a half to three hundred kilometers. This distance is due to the need to replace locomotives and crews serving them after five hours of travel.

Like anyon the other hand, the characteristic of a local station implies a description of its features and the presence of special facilities. Stations of this kind typically include:

• two or three parks of tracks for receiving and sending trains;
• special equipment station for servicing locomotives (PTOL);
• car maintenance point (PTO);
• car depots;

• locomotive depot: main or circulating;
• commodity offices;
• station technology centers (STCs).

Organization of work at the station

The technological process of the precinct station involves work with freight and passenger trains. Handling of freight train wagons is carried out along the chain: technical inspection - commercial inspection - uncoupled repair. The prefabricated and district trains to be disbanded at the station are first on the exhaust track, then they are disbanded in the marshalling yard. With significant volumes, a slide is used to disband the trains. For unloading, the wagons are sent to the sidings and the cargo area.

Passenger trains that stop at the station get on the tracks intended for them: main and receiving-departure. The technological chain for the processing of passenger cars is as follows: disembarkation and embarkation of people - postal and luggage loading and unloading operations - technical inspection of cars - uncoupled repairs. All work performed at the station is supervised by the main responsible person - the station duty officer. He also coordinates the work of the maintenance staff.

Thanks to the well-coordinated actions of employees of local stations serving transit trains, and the stable operation of all links of the Russian Railways, this type of transport is still the safest and most in demand.

Go boldly on the road. Bon voyage!