Agrotechnical plan for growing vegetables: features, technology and reviews

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Agrotechnology is a set of measures aimed at obtaining high yields of crops. The growth and development of plants proceed under the continuous influence of the environment. Some conditions can hold back these processes, others can speed them up. This is what is taken into account when developing any agrotechnical plan.

What specific activities can be carried out

For each particular crop, a separate agrotechnical plan is usually developed. For most plants, it includes the following activities:

• Tillage. Before planting any vegetable crop, the soil in the field, in the greenhouse or in the beds must be loosened and leveled.
• Fertilization. Plants need nutrients to grow and develop. Both organic and mineral fertilizers can be applied to vegetable crops.
• Preparationplanting material. The main purpose of this procedure is to increase germination and reduce the incidence of crops.
• Sowing and planting. In this case, the seed distribution technology in the ground (depth, distance between plants, etc.) must be observed.

• Care during the growing season. To get a good harvest, plants should be loosened, weeded and, of course, watered.

• Harvest. Ripe vegetables need to be collected on time and properly prepared for storage.

Also, any agrotechnical plan is developed taking into account the rules for alternating different crops. This allows you to increase yields and significantly reduce the percentage of plant infection with infectious diseases.

Main technologies for growing vegetables

There are several methods for caring for plants in this group. First of all, vegetable plants can be grown:

• outdoors;
• in greenhouses and greenhouses.

For the same crop, both methods can be used. It is more difficult to grow vegetables in greenhouses, but it is possible to get harvests both in summer and in winter.

Using technology

Also, an agrotechnical plan for a mechanized technology for growing agricultural plants or a regular one can be drawn up. The second technique is most often used by summer residents in small suburban areas. In this case, usually only the planting of potatoes (plowing the land) is mechanized. On theIn agricultural enterprises, most of the activities related to the care of plants are carried out using machinery. This applies, for example, to such procedures as plowing the land, weeding, watering, loosening, and sometimes the harvest itself.

Plant growing technologies are also divided into intensive and extensive. In the first case, the emphasis is on the use of more advanced technology, improved methods of organizing labor, etc. Extensive technologies involve, first of all, an increase in acreage, as well as attracting additional labor.

Features of care

Of course, the agrotechnical plan for growing vegetable crops should be drawn up taking into account their biological characteristics. Plant care is carried out mainly taking into account which particular group they belong to. Vegetables are classified as follows:

• By life expectancy. In this regard, there are one, two- and perennial crops.

• In relation to heat. The easiest way is to develop an agrotechnical plan for a winter-hardy crop. Such plants are able to develop at temperatures from 1 degree and easily tolerate frosts down to -10 degrees. Cold-resistant cultures germinate at a temperature of 2-5 degrees. However, such vegetables usually do not tolerate an increase in t over 25 degrees very well. Heat-loving crops make up the majority of those cultivated at the moment. They grow at a temperature of 12-15 degrees. There are also heat-resistant crops.

• Toward the light. In this case, all vegetable crops are divided into very demanding, less demanding and undemanding.
• In relation to moisture. Most vegetable crops require frequent watering. Only some legumes, root crops and gourds are not too demanding on moisture.

There are other signs, as well as methods for classifying vegetable crops. In any case, the biological characteristics of plants can influence factors such as planting time, choice of fertilizer types, placement pattern, etc.

Crop rotation

The agrotechnical plan for the production of agricultural crops on large farms or on small suburban areas should be drawn up, taking into account, among other things, the frequency of planting plants of different species. For example, it is highly discouraged to grow the same crop for several years in a row in the same place. Plants of different species consume microelements from the soil and accumulate microelements in different proportions in the green parts. Therefore, when growing in one place for a long time of one crop, the soil becomes rapidly depleted.

The same goes for infections. Each group of plants has the most common diseases and its own "own" pests. In order to prevent the accumulation of, for example, a large number of fungal spores, larvae, etc. in the soil, crops are rotated.

Agrotechnical planfor growing beans

In order for the reader to get a visual idea of what agricultural technology is, then we will briefly consider how beans are cared for according to the rules.

When drawing up a plan for growing this crop, first of all, you need to keep in mind that it is best to plant it after cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes or cabbage. Unlike peas, if desired, beans can be planted even after legumes. Seeds when sowing are usually placed at a distance of 15-20 cm in a row and 45-50 cm in the aisle. Under the autumn digging, it is desirable to add superphosphate in the amount of 40 g per 1 m2². On poor soils in the spring, before planting, an additional complete mineral fertilizer is applied (70 g/m^{2). Too much nitrogen should not be used to feed beans. This may lead to lower yields.}

When growing this crop, it is also important to follow the irrigation technology. If you start to moisten the soil under the beans too early, the plants may fall off the ovary. In the summer, beans are watered moderately, mainly only during drought.

Reviews on different methods of growing plants

For each specific vegetable crop at different times, many special agrotechnical methods have been developed. Many of them are successfully used both by summer residents on personal plots and by large agricultural enterprises. There are very good reviews, for example, about the agrotechnical method of narrow ridges, developed by Dr. Mittlider. As noted by manydomestic gardeners, its use allows you to increase the yield by almost one and a half times. At the same time, the vegetables themselves grow very large.

Also good reviews from those involved in the cultivation of crops, earned agrotechnical plan for growing vegetables according to Jevons. This experienced gardener advises using fertilizers with aerobic bacteria and planting plants in a checkerboard pattern. According to some gardeners, using Jevons technology, it is possible to almost double the yield of vegetable crops.

Of course, there are not too good reviews about all sorts of precise technologies for growing plants in this group. Some summer residents believe that each such technique is applicable only to a given specific area, to certain climatic conditions and varieties. These growers prefer to develop their own methods of growing cucumbers, tomatoes, corn, carrots, beets, etc.

How plants are grown in a forest nursery

On the basis of what factors a plan for the care of vegetable crops is developed, we have found out. Other plants may be grown using more complex or simple technologies. For example, a plan of agrotechnical measures in a forest nursery is drawn up simultaneously for several fields. On the mother plantation in such farms, one-year-old seedlings are grown. Such a field is laid once every few years and does not have a crop rotation. The rest of the plantations are traditionally referred to as "schools". Each of them cantrees and shrubs of different species are grown, zones of green cuttings are determined, etc. When organizing the territory of the nursery, a plan for the location of access roads, dust-proof plantings, outbuildings, etc. is necessarily developed.

Conclusion

Thus, we have found out what an agrotechnical cultivation plan is. First of all, this is an orderly and comprehensive project for the implementation of various activities aimed at obtaining the highest possible yields of vegetables. There are general rules for growing plants of this group. However, for each particular crop, based on its biological characteristics, its own plan is being developed.