Pigs: breeding at home as a business

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

One of the most productive types of farm animals are thoroughbred pigs. Breeding them at home is a fairly profitable and profitable business. At the moment, the Russian government pays great attention to the development of the country's agriculture. Therefore, having decided to start a business of raising these animals, one can hope, among other things, for the support of the state.

Organizational matters

Having decided to organize a large farm, a novice entrepreneur will have to register his enterprise and pay taxes to the state. The most appropriate way of organizing in this case, most likely, will be an individual entrepreneur. This legal form does not require long and complex registration, accounting, etc. Taxes in this case are usually paid according to a simplified scheme.

However, it is advisable to register a farm as an individual entrepreneur only when the entrepreneur is going tocontain at least 100-200 heads of pigs. In this case, you will have to hire workers, purchase a large amount of equipment, inventory, etc. If there is not too much livestock, registering a farm as an individual entrepreneur, and therefore paying taxes, is unprofitable. Without registration, such an enterprise is considered an ordinary household plot.

Preparatory work

Of course, raising pigs as a small business will be successful only if it is properly organized. First of all, it will be necessary to build a spacious room for the animals themselves, as well as related outbuildings. For IP buildings, you will need at least 3 - for adult livestock, young animals, as well as for equipment and inventory. In an ordinary household plot, you can get by with a barn with a small utility block.

What should be the barn

Pigs, whose home breeding will be successful only if a comfortable room is arranged for them, are unpretentious animals, but they must still be kept clean and warm. When building a pigsty, the following points should be considered:

• You can build a barn from any materials. However, concrete and reinforced concrete are not well suited for this purpose. These materials do not retain heat well, therefore, in winter, animals will become cold and sick.
• The floor of a barn shouldn't be hard. Otherwise, the animals will damage their hooves and catch a cold. Usually the floor is made of unedged, fairly thick boards.
• Pigsty floors should haveslope for urine flow not less than 5 cm per 2 linear meters. In the lowest part, near the wall, a chute is arranged to drain the liquid outside the barn. The conditions for breeding pigs in terms of cleanliness must be observed. Otherwise, the animals will become infected with infectious diseases.
• Pig stalls are set up on the opposite wall. One head should account for about 3 square meters. meters of area. Drinkers and wooden or metal feeders are installed in front of the pens, and straw is laid inside them.
• The ceilings in the pigsty should not be higher than 2-2.5 m. Otherwise, the room will be cold in winter.
• There is a big paddock in front of the barn.

Keeping and breeding pigs: breed selection

So, the barn is built, the inventory is purchased, the feeders are knocked down and installed. What's next? And then you will need to take care of choosing good manufacturers. First of all, you should decide on the breed of animals. There are just a huge number of them at the moment.

In the direction of productivity, the domestic pig is classified into breeds - meat, meat-greasy and lard. The choice in this case depends mainly on the personal preferences of the farmer himself. Most farm owners consider breeding pigs with the so-called "marble" meat to be the most profitable. Selling this quality product is much easier. Such meat with a lot of fatty layers is distinguished by simply wonderful taste, it is readily purchased by restaurants, canteens and ordinary people.

Of course, the breed mustbe adapted to the climatic conditions of the region where the farm will be located. For Central Russia, for example, Landrace (meat), Northern Siberian (universal), SM (meat), etc. are very well suited.

Feeding

Pigs, whose home breeding involves, among other things, the development of a suitable diet, should receive a large amount of concentrated feed. Feeding grains such as barley, rye and millet contributes to rapid weight gain and improved meat quality. Also, a very good solution is the introduction of potatoes, peas, carrots, pumpkins, and beets into the diet of animals. Somewhat less often, pigs are fed corn and buckwheat. Good results in terms of productivity can be achieved by introducing bran into the “menu” - wheat, barley, etc.

The taste of meat deteriorates significantly when feeding pigs with oats, cake and soybeans. In this case, the fat loses its density and quickly turns yellow during storage, and the meat turns out to be loose and flabby. Therefore, such feeds are usually given to animals in very small quantities.

How mating is done

Pig breeding as a small business requires constant updating of the livestock. The grown and slaughtered animals should be replaced by new ones. Therefore, we will further consider how and when mating of producers is carried out, how exactly these animals breed.

You can start breeding pigs from about 8-10 months of age. In this case, one should take into account the fact that too young queens bring few piglets. So, six-month-old pigs usually give birth to about 8 cubs. One-year-olds are already about 10-12.

Success in mating these animals largely depends on how correctly the period of hunting for the future queen was determined. Its signs include swelling and redness of the genitals, the presence of expiration, anxiety and loss of appetite. When the peak of hunting is reached, the pig falls into a kind of "stupor". At this moment, the boar should be launched. The hunting period for pigs lasts from 1 to 3 days with a frequency of 17-24 days.

Pregnancy and offspring

Food pregnant domestic pig should receive only high quality and fresh. In the second half of pregnancy, which in these animals lasts about 112-115 days, a large amount of cereals is included in the diet. You can not drink the future uterus with too cold water.

Farrowing of pigs is accompanied by attempts with a frequency of 10 minutes. At the same time, each time a new cub is born. Childbirth can last for 1.5-6 hours. Newborn piglets are washed with a patch and the mouth and ears are cleaned of mucus. Then the babies are wiped dry and the umbilical cord is bandaged at a distance of 5 cm from the abdomen. The end of the canal is cut 1 cm higher and cauterized with iodine.

If a newborn piglet does not show signs of life, you can try to correct the situation by blowing air through his mouth, as well as lowering his carcass for a minute in warm water. Thus, the farrowing of pigs must in any case take place in the presence of the owner orhired worker. The lunge will be much smaller.

Slaughtering animals

The ultimate goal of such an event as home breeding of pigs is, of course, obtaining fat and meat. These animals are slaughtered in household plots, as well as on small farms, usually in two ways. The first is that one person knocks the pig to the ground and holds it, while the other stabs directly to the heart or cuts the carotid artery. When using the second technology, the animal is first tied with a short rope to a stake, and then stunned with a sledgehammer or the sole of an axe. Further, in the same way as in the first method, a narrow knife is stuck into the heart.

In any case, the animal must be prepared before slaughter. First of all, the pig should be washed. The day before the procedure, she is also stopped feeding. This is necessary so that the animal is more likely to leave the pigsty (the pig can be lured out with food). In addition, a decrease in the feed rate leads to the release of the intestines and stomach from excess substances, and consequently to an improvement in the quality of meat and fat.

The carcass of a slaughtered animal should be singeed with a gas burner to remove bristles. Sometimes another method is used. The carcass is simply covered with a thin layer of straw or coniferous twigs. Then they are set on fire. In this case, the skin acquires a pleasant shade and smell. At the next stage, skinning and cutting are performed.

Sale of meat

Cut up carcasses pig farmersusually rented to shops, restaurants or cafes. You can also sell meat at the local market. If the farm is large enough, it would be a very good solution to open your own outlet.

Pigs, whose home breeding is not particularly troublesome, are unpretentious in food, rarely get sick and quickly gain weight. The meat of these animals today is quite expensive, and therefore the business of breeding them - if you approach the matter correctly - can become quite profitable.