NDFL: tax period, rates, deadlines for filing declarations

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Taxes are an important part of every citizen's life. Only not everyone knows the features associated with them. Personal income tax plays a huge role for the entire able-bodied adult population. The tax period, rates, features and deadlines for submitting declarations - all this remains to be learned further. This will help to avoid many problems and explanations before the tax authorities. What should I pay attention to first?

Definition

The very definition of this tax is important. Each payment to the state treasury from citizens is charged for something. What can be said in this regard about personal income tax? This payment represents money withheld from the income received by citizens and organizations.

It turns out that it applies to all taxpayers. After all, almost all types of income of citizens are subject to this deduction. True, there are some exceptions. What exactly? What income is not subject to personal income tax under any circumstances?

The Liberatedfrom taxes

Remember, any income received by a citizen or organization will be subject to income tax. And without fail. Except for a few moments. Namely:

• tax-free income received from the sale of property owned for more than 3 years;
• inheritance;
• income received from a donation agreement executed by a close relative of a citizen.

In principle, these are all exceptions. From other sources of income, personal income tax is paid. All taxpayers need to know the tax period, rates and deadlines for filing returns, as well as other features of this payment. Otherwise, serious problems may arise with the tax authorities.

Reporting

The modern system of taxation in Russia is constantly undergoing some changes. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to the new rules that have been in force since 2016. Now all organizations and individual entrepreneurs must report on personal income tax for the quarter. Previously, reporting was required once a year - until April 1.

And since 2016, it is necessary to deal with additional paperwork once a quarter. Reporting now requires form 6-NDFL. This is exactly the quarterly document that is submitted to the tax authorities. But what are the deadlines? What to look out for?

If the report is for the 1st quarter of 2016, then the maximum deadline for submitting the declaration of the corresponding form lasts until May 3, 2016, for the second "segment" of timeReporting is due by August 1st. For 9 months - until October 31, for a year - until 2017-01-04.

No change

But that's not all. In addition to 6-personal income tax, organizations and entrepreneurs must submit other forms of reporting to the tax authorities. True, not as often as it seems. There is a so-called 2-NDFL certificate and a 3-NDFL declaration. For the year, such documents, as before, are submitted only once.

To what point exactly? By the end of the tax reporting period. Namely, until April 1 of the year following the reporting year. So there are no changes in this area. At least for now. What other points should I pay attention to?

Deductions

Sometimes citizens are en titled to various personal income tax deductions. Usually they are related to the employed population who have minor children. You can also deduct income tax for:

• purchase of real estate (including mortgages);
• treatment;
• training.

Usually, if you want to receive a "refund" of funds from the tax authorities in a certain amount, you need a 3-NDFL declaration for 3 years. Without it, the implementation of the process is simply impossible. With only a few exceptions - when it comes to the deduction from wages for children. In this case, the process is somewhat different. How exactly? It is worth learning about everything related to these procedures.

Deductions (treatment, education, shopping)

So, sometimes you can make a so-called tax deduction. For thissome documents are required. By the way, you can return 13% of the amount of money spent. To implement the idea, you will need a 3-personal income tax declaration for 3 years (past). This means that when making some expenses, the deduction can be received no later than after 36 months. Attach to the declaration:

• passport;
• SNILS and TIN;
• 2-personal income tax certificate;
• documents confirming your spending;
• student reference (for learning);
• documents for real estate (which they bought);
• accreditation of the institution (for universities);
• license to operate (for tuition refund);
• application for deduction;
• mortgage agreement (for mortgage);
• certificate of paying interest on a mortgage.

For kids

If you need to make a deduction for children, you will have to apply with your employer, not the tax authorities. Monthly taxes withheld from earnings will decrease in size. After all, deductions for children allow you to reduce the tax base used in calculating income pen alties.

An obligatory condition that must be observed is that in the tax reporting period your total income in the form of earnings at the workplace should not exceed 350,000 rubles. If so, apply for the child allowance and minor birth certificates to your employer. The tax base is reduced by:

• 1,400 rubles if you have 1 or 2 children;
• 3,000 for 3 and beyond;
• 6,000 for guardians and trustees of minors with disabilities;
• 12,000 for a disabled child.

Standard sizes

Now it is clear how personal income tax deductions are obtained. But not everything is known about the income tax itself. For example, how much you will have to pay for the profit received at one time or another.

According to generally accepted rules, in Russia, individuals must give 13% of their income. And without fail. True, sometimes this figure decreases or increases. But, as a rule, most types of profits are subject to pen alties in the amount of 13% of the amount received. There is nothing difficult to understand.

The calculation of the tax is extremely simple: you need to multiply the tax base with the interest rate. As a result, you will receive the amount due for payment. It may change with children and official work.

Not by standards

How long is the tax period? Year. It was once a year that they previously reported to the tax authorities. But since 2016, as already mentioned, it is necessary to carry out the process quarterly. For this, form 6-NDFL is submitted. The remaining documents, as before, are submitted to the tax authorities only once every 12 months.

What is the income tax rate? In general, it is 13%. But there are some exceptions. They are not so common, although they do occur in practice. For example, you can give only 9% of the money received for income. How exactly? This amount is collected for dividend income until 2015 and for bonds with mortgagecoverage (until 2007, January 1). Not a very common case. Therefore, do not rely on this kind of pen alty.

Also note - 15% is paid when you receive a profit from dividends that individuals receive from a company that is not residents of the Russian Federation. It can be said from foreign organizations.

The largest personal income tax (the tax period and payment details we already know) is due for winnings. If you receive a prize or win something, you will have to pay as much as 35% of the profits to the tax authorities. And it doesn’t matter if you were given money or just real estate. In any case, the citizen is obliged to pay 35% of the cost of this.

By the way, not only the population of the Russian Federation is subject to income tax. Form 3-NDFL, as well as the corresponding payment for profit, is due to non-resident citizens. They pay much more than residents. In this case, the amount of payments to the state treasury will be 30%. And nothing less. No exceptions!

Organizations

When does the tax period end? Month of the end of the annual reporting - April. It is up to 1.04 that you will have to report to the tax authorities for the profit received in the last year (calendar). Moreover, this rule applies to both individuals and organizations.

Please note: companies also pay personal income tax. But at the same time, when the 3-NDFL form is submitted, it is necessary for all of your employees to prepare and submit 2-NDFL certificates. This can be done on paper or electronically.

On what dependssubmission form? From the number of workers in the corporation. Paper reporting is acceptable when it comes to small firms with no more than 25 employees. And electronic forms are offered if the employer has more subordinates.

Organizations pay various types of taxes on their income. That is, they face several types of pen alties. For example, personal income tax is withheld from the earnings of each employee in the amount of 13%. And speaking of corporate income tax, you will have to give a more significant amount of money. Namely, 20% of the income received.

Period codes

Perhaps this is almost everything you need to know about personal income tax. The tax period, reporting and interest rates are all extremely important. But no less significant elements are the codes of tax periods. They are indicated in the 3-NDFL declarations. Rather, this information is more important to the accountants who will be reporting. But the general population should also know the meaning of the periods.

So, for example, 3-NDFL wears "combination" 34. This is not the most important thing. The personal income tax tax period code is set in accordance with the reporting month. Namely:

• 1 quarter - 21;
• 2 quarter - 31;
• for 9 months - 33;
• for the year - 34.

If a company is being reorganized or liquidated, it is necessary to indicate code 50 in the reporting for the last reporting period of its existence. Also, for quarterly reporting, use combinations:

• for 3 months - 51;
• for six months - 54;
• for 3quarter - 55;
• for the year - 56.

As you can see, there is nothing difficult in this. In any case, it is now clear how to clarify the period for which you report to the state. After all, no one will figure it out on their own. Therefore, tax period codes play an important role for citizens and organizations.

Payment due dates

And until when is it worth paying income tax? There must be some rules about this! The way it is. Only for organizations and individuals there are different restrictions. Which ones?

• ordinary citizens have the right to pay for their income until July 15 inclusive;
• organizations pay no later than the 28th day of the month following the reporting period.

Speaking of tax deductions, it can be emphasized that you have every right to request a refund of 13% for certain expenses within 3 years from the date of the transaction. Your application will be considered in approximately 2 months after applying to the tax authorities, and direct payments will be made to the account indicated in the application in another 1.5-2 months. Exact dates will be communicated to you when applying for deductions.

Now we know everything about personal income tax: the tax period, their codes, sizes, payment procedure and deductions. Every taxpayer should be aware of this information. Usually, all employees working officially are exempted from paperwork associated with personal income tax. All responsibility for reporting (on payroll) rests withemployer. But individual entrepreneurs are required to independently report their profits.