Pumpkin yield per 1 hectare. Storage and preparation

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 20:55

Pumpkin is widely cultivated in Russia as a garden and fodder crop. There are about 20 main species of this plant. In the wild, pumpkin is found mainly in the warm regions of Asia, Africa and America. In Russia, two types of this plant are cultivated. Most often, domestic gardeners grow common pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo). This plant is characterized by high yield and unpretentiousness. Sometimes in gardens in Russia you can also find a giant pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima).

Pumpkin yield per 1 hectare and per hundred part

This crop has been grown in Russia for more than one hundred years. And of course, very effective pumpkin cultivation methods have been developed in our country. The technology of growing this plant does not differ in particular complexity. But they must be followed exactly. In this case, the cultivation of this crop will become a very profitable business.

The average pumpkin yield per hectare in Russia is 30 tons per hectare. In small areas, when using intensive cultivation technology, this figure can increase to 40 t/ha. Approximately the same yields of pumpkins are obtainedand summer residents in their suburban areas. That is, with proper care, you can collect about 400 kg of pumpkin from a hundred square meters.

Climate impact on crop yields

This unpretentious culture can be grown on the territory of Russia in almost any region, with the exception, perhaps, of the Far North. One of the features of pumpkin is its resistance to low temperatures. Thus, the cultivation of this crop can become quite successful not only in the Middle Lane, but also in the Urals or Siberia.

The effect of climate on pumpkin yields is usually negligible. The culture is unpretentious, and any summer resident can get a good harvest on his site, even in the most unfavorable conditions.

The only thing to choose for growing in the garden (as well as on the fields of agricultural enterprises) is still zoned varieties of this plant. In this case, the yield of pumpkin from 1 hectare and from one hundred square meters is guaranteed to be high.

How to choose the right variety

Pumpkin breeding, as with all other popular garden crops, is very active in our country. Therefore, there are many varieties that are excellent for growing in a particular region. For example, for cultivation in Central Russia, you can choose a taka. pumpkin:

• Don sweet.
• Large-fruited.
• Record;.
• Baby.

For the Urals and Siberia varieties are excellent:

• Amazon.
• Russian woman.
• Smile.
• Gribovskaya bush.
• Therapeutic.

All these varieties are characterized by early ripening. Therefore, when grown in the Urals and Siberia, with a short growing season, they manage to give a good harvest. All these pumpkins ripen approximately 3 months after the first shoots appear.

Yield per hectare by variety

Thus, an average of 30 tons of fruits of this crop are harvested per hectare in Russia. But the yield of pumpkin per 1 ha, like any other garden or agricultural plant, of course, can vary significantly depending on the variety. So:

• Donskoy sweet pumpkin fruit is harvested up to 19-18 t/ha.
• Large-fruited - from 29 to 49 t/ha.
• Record - 45-50 t/ha.
• Crumbs - 22-38 t/ha.
• Smiles - 28-29 t/ha.
• Gribovskoy - 24-25 t/ha.

Sometimes pumpkin is grown in Russia, of course, in greenhouses. But summer residents rarely use this method even in cold regions. Greenhouses on the site are usually allotted for tomatoes, zucchini, eggplant or, in extreme cases, cucumbers. Pumpkin, on the other hand, is most often planted in beds on the street.

What can affect the harvest

Growing pumpkins in this way can only be successful if all the rules of agricultural technology of this crop are strictly followed. First of all, the yield of this plant is greatly influenced by howthe right place for its cultivation will be chosen. The best predecessors for pumpkin are:

• legumes;
• potato;
• root crops;
• greens;
• cabbage.

Pumpkin is a vegetable that should not be planted, for example, after crops such as zucchini and cucumbers. This will lead to the accumulation of larvae and eggs of pests of the Pumpkin family in the soil. This plant produces the largest yields on sunny, wind-sheltered slopes, on nutritious soil.

Also, when growing this crop, you must also follow the correct seeding pattern. Plants must be provided with an optimal feeding area. A pumpkin is usually planted according to the schemes 1.4x1, 1.4x2, 2x2 m.

Of course, the yield of this crop will directly depend on timely watering and fertilizing. Growing pumpkins will only be effective if there are enough nutrients in the soil.

How to water properly

Moisturize the soil in the beds with this crop only with warm, settled in some garden container, clean water. Watering the pumpkin is usually done in the morning or in the evening using the "under the root" method. At the same time, when moistening a bed with such plants, gardeners try to make sure that drops of water do not fall on their leaves. This can cause severe burns to the green parts of the crop.

Pumpkin leaves are very large and evaporation from their surface is always intense. In addition, the fruits of this culture themselves are usually enoughjuicy and large. The weight of 1 pumpkin can reach 10 kg. Therefore, for the successful development of this garden plant, of course, a lot of water is needed. Water this crop abundantly and at such a frequency that the soil in the garden with it never dries out. Summer residents in most cases irrigate the ground under the pumpkin once a week.

The next day after watering this crop, loosening is carried out, destroying the crust. This procedure prevents capillary evaporation of moisture from the soil. During loosening, the bushes are weeded at the same time.

Growing pumpkins and outdoor care: how to fertilize

As already mentioned, the pumpkin loves nutritious soil with good moisture and air permeability. Since the fruits of this culture grow very quickly and are large in size, it needs a lot of various micro and macro elements during the growing season. Therefore, it is imperative to fertilize the soil in pumpkin beds if you want to get a good harvest.

Before planting this crop, a large amount of manure is added to the ground. Organic is a very well suited pumpkin fertilizer. Many summer residents even simply sow the seeds of this plant on compost heaps. Using this planting method, you can simply get huge yields of this crop. Unfortunately, compost heaps in suburban areas are usually stored in the shade. Pumpkin, as already mentioned, loves the sun. Therefore, summer residents often use a slightly different technology for its cultivation. In autumn, gardeners just rake in the sunplace all plant residues from the garden, cover with agrofiber and plant pumpkin seeds in them in the spring. Fertilizing plants using this technology subsequently does not need the entire warm season until the harvest.

If the pumpkin is cultivated simply on the beds, for the first time it is fed with a working solution of mullein 1:20 in the phase of 2-3 true leaves. Further, the plants are fertilized every 2 weeks, alternating organic and mineral complex compositions.

How to artificially increase yields

Growing pumpkins and caring for them in the open field is, therefore, a simple matter. Modern varieties of this crop are capable of producing many large and juicy fruits even in the most unfavorable weather years. But if desired, the yield of pumpkin can also be increased artificially. To do this, you just need to use growth stimulants. A very good solution could be, for example:

• pre-sowing soaking of seeds in a solution of sodium humate or succinic acid;
• spraying plants in the phase of the third leaflet with Zdraven or Heteroauxin preparations;
• basic watering of plants in the phase of active growth of lashes with preparations "Kornevin", "Zircon", "Epinom-Extra".

When can I harvest

In order for the pumpkins to be well stored in the future, you need to remove them from the lashes, of course, on time. Of course, you need to collect only fully ripened fruits of this culture. It is easy to determine the ripeness of a pumpkin by the following signs:

• dried dry and hard stalk;
• bright orange or dark green (depending on variety) color;
• drying and yellowing of the leaves on the shoots of the whip;
• very hard skinned.

Experienced gardeners check the maturity of pumpkins and their readiness for storage in a very simple way. To determine the degree of ripeness of a pumpkin, you just need to press on its peel with your fingernail. If you can’t pierce it, then you can safely put the vegetable in the cellar. Also, to determine the maturity of a pumpkin, experienced gardeners recommend tapping on its bark. If the sound is muffled, then the pumpkin is ripe.

The timing of pumpkin harvest in different regions and depending on the variety may vary. But in Russia, the harvest of this crop in most cases ripens in September-October.

Helpful advice

In order for ripe pumpkin fruits to be better stored in the future, under each of them during the ripening period it is worth putting pieces of waterproof geotextile or, for example, a fabric folded several times. This will prevent the development of decay processes in the fruit bark. Instead of fabric, you can, of course, use plywood, a board or a piece of plastic.

Where to store

Of course, many summer residents are also interested in the question of how to keep the pumpkin harvest fresh until spring. One of the features of this garden crop, in addition to high yields, is good fruit keeping quality. Under certain conditions, pumpkin pulp can survive up tonext harvest. However, in order for the fruits of this crop not to rot in winter, certain rules must, of course, be followed when storing them.

You can keep pumpkin fruits in winter:

• in the cellar;
• right in the apartment;
• in the freezer cut.

Bookmark in the cellar

The owners of summer cottages store the grown pumpkin crop in winter most often in this way. A month before laying the fruit in it, the cellar is treated using a sprayer with a solution of lime and copper sulfate. Further, cleaning is carried out here, removing last year's vegetables and garbage. At the final stage of preparation, the cellar is thoroughly ventilated.

To store pumpkins in such a room, they are usually laid out on shelves, previously lined with paper in several layers. At the same time, they are placed in the cellar in such a way that they do not touch each other or any other vegetables. It is believed that the fruits of this plant are best preserved at an air temperature of + 3-5 ° C and a humidity of 70-75%. The fruits of some varieties of this crop feel good even at +10 ° С.

Storage in the apartment

The cellar, unfortunately, is not available for all domestic summer residents. But pumpkins can stay until spring when using other storage technologies. In the absence of a cellar, the fruits of this crop are usually kept on a glazed balcony during the cold season. Pumpkins are stored for storage for the winter when using this method, also most often on racks. Further, they are simplycover with a thick cloth.

If desired, the fruits of this culture can be put in the apartment and on the mezzanine of the closet. But in this way it is allowed to store pumpkins only of nutmeg varieties. The fruits of this variety in the closet on the mezzanine can lie until the next harvest. Ordinary varieties, when using this method of storage, are likely to begin to rot in late February - early March.

Refrigerated storage

Most often in an apartment, pumpkin fruits are still kept in the mezzanine or on the loggia. In most cases, this vegetable retains its properties in such conditions quite well. However, the air temperature in an apartment or on a loggia, of course, can still be far from ideal + 3-5 ° С. Therefore, sometimes pumpkins, when using this method of storage, still begin to rot. In this case, the remains of the spoiled fruit can be tried to be transferred to the refrigerator. This will keep them fresh for a couple more months.

To bookmark the pumpkin in the refrigerator, first cut into large pieces. The peel from the fetus is not previously removed. Then each piece is wrapped in a thin cling film and placed on the top shelf of the refrigerator.

Pumpkin blanks

To keep the fruits of this crop fresh during the cold season, thus, most likely, it will not be difficult. But of course, pumpkin can also be used to prepare delicious winter preparations. Like any other garden crop, it is allowed:

• s alt;
• pickle;
• use in cuts andsalads.

Pumpkins are marinated and s alted, of course, after cutting the pulp into pieces. Caviar from the fruits of this plant is also very tasty. They make it almost according to the same recipe as zucchini.

Pickle and s alt pumpkins, like any other vegetables, in jars. The latter, like the covers, are pre-sterilized. To do this, the banks are kept for some time over the steam. The lids are simply boiled in a small amount of water for about 3-5 minutes.

Pumpkin like pineapple blank

According to this recipe, you can preserve an unusually tasty pumpkin for the winter. The fruits harvested in this way in jars will also look very original. The ingredients for Pineapple Pumpkins are as follows:

• water - 1 l;
• citric acid - 1 tsp;
• sugar - ½ cup;
• s alt - ½ tbsp. l.;
• schisandra - 5 leaves;
• radiol pink - 5 g.

To prepare such a blank, the pumpkin is peeled and the bones are removed from it. The pulp of the fruit is cut into cubes or long thin sticks and boiled in boiling water for 5 minutes. Next, the blanched pumpkin is placed in a glass dish and poured with a sweet marinade. To prepare the latter, all the ingredients are simply added to boiling water. After filling the pumpkin, the jar is rolled up with a lid.