Professionalization - what is this process? Stages, professionalization tools, possible problems

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Professionalization is a phenomenon that appeared as a result of the development of existing and the emergence of new types of human labor activity. The concept arose thanks to domestic scientists whose goal was to study psychological, pedagogical, philosophical and sociological processes.

Disclosure of the concept

The term implies significant changes in a person's professional activity, namely a change in orientation or advanced training. In a broad sense, it means the organization and subsequent evolution of social institutions, principles and laws associated with the creation of a trade union structure of society, as well as with an increase in the number of wishes made to an employee. Personal professionalization is an opportunity for every member of working-age society to acquire new skills and improve existing ones through special retraining. In a literal sense, this definition means the mastery of professional roles by a citizen. Podmarkov V. G. argued that this termimplies the correspondence of existing skills and knowledge with the chosen professional role, as well as the desire of a person to fulfill it. The phenomenon is two-level, the social side will be discussed below.

Characteristics of the social level:

• changes taking place in the working society;
• acquisition by a person of the goal to learn a particular discipline;
• the emergence of elements and the sphere of professional culture;
• a number of processes and mechanisms designed at the level of society or a particular firm to help an employee navigate new types of specializations, gain missing knowledge;
• effective use of professional orientation opportunities.

Multifaceted concept

The process of professionalization is also a personal level, which is represented by changes characteristic of a person when he masters a speci alty or profession. The changes are multifaceted, affecting both the inner world of the object and its external manifestation in society.

There is an invisible connection between the levels, according to which professionalization must be considered from three sides:

1. As a socially oriented phenomenon, where quantitative and qualitative changes are manifested in the life of society from the professional side, new types of professionally oriented work are born.
2. As a process of mastering a specific type of core activity by a person, as a result, acquiring the necessary professional qualities.
3. As a system of public institutions tasked withto regulate the process of mastering a person's role at a professional level, and to ensure the opportunity for each person to acquire a profession corresponding to his abilities.

Professionalization system

When it comes to personnel assessment, it should be noted that in this case, professionalization is a complex of social institutions, the purpose of which is to help those who want to improve their skills in the professional field. In an organization where a citizen works, the system of formal elements of professionalization may not work, in which case training and selection is entrusted to other institutions. The continuation of the formation of professional activity and experience is reflected in the essence of the person himself and in various forms of social memory.

Studying the process of introducing the concept and problems of professionalization indicates that the term reflects the transformations that accumulate in social practice as a result of the development of human activity, its acquisition of a professional nature, as well as the innovations inherent in the object, formed in society as a result of the merger individual and labor.

Informative Features

Russian scientists and their colleagues from other countries reveal the terms "profession" and "professional", based on the point of view where the first definition is seen as the initiative of the subject.

Professional like:

• performance implementation subject;
• specially trained person;
• componentsociety;
• source of professional consciousness.

Profession like:

• objective work;
• community of trained people;
• a person's way of being, his relationship to the modern world.

The content embedded in each thesis describes the multifaceted aspects of the analysis of the process of personal professionalization. It also affects her main features, structure and logic of thinking.

Vocational training

The thesis itself was included in the scientific circulation by Russian scientists, it was equated with the level of development of the professional qualities of a person (opinion of Schrader R. V.). Podarkon V. G. equated the phenomenon with the development of a vocational training system, he meant by it the creation and development of institutions of social orientation, norms and rights associated with the formation of a professional structure of society as the formation of groups, positions and roles, suitability and readiness to perform a professional task.

Active discussions on this topic began to take place in the 70-80s of the last century, when the concept began to be seen as a reflection of the dynamic development of important human qualities when mastering new skills, Badoev, Schreider, Bodrov, Anisimova and Kanterov spoke about this. It was then that they started talking in scientific circles about the stages of professionalization, its criteria, stages and levels.

Aspects

Over time, philosophers and sociologists began to study the subject of discussion as a holistic phenomenon. The model is a single whole, consisting of a person and his abilities, a theoretic althe inclusion of an employee or student of an educational institution in the world of professional activity. An important role is played by psychological, pedagogical and socio-economic aspects, because professionalization is a process of continuous development of a person as a specialist and professional in a particular field.

The first aspect is of interest to researchers from the point of view of including a person in a professional environment, gaining experience, getting opportunities for self-realization in the course of self-improvement, when reaching a new level. All components are analyzed: goals, techniques, motives, means, conditions, results. The second aspect with a social orientation is interesting in the course of the formation of labor requests in terms of human resources and the study of needs in the labor market. In connection with the spread of this process in the intra-company professional retraining of specialists and workers, a special role is played by the study of methods using the example of middle-aged workers.

Stages of professionalization

Comparison of personal and professional development was done by L. M. Mitina. She noted the need to forget about the usual traditional forms of this phenomenon, and also emphasized the relationship between qualified and personal development, which is based on the principle of self-development, the ability to turn one's life into a subject of practical "restructuring", which leads to creative self-realization. She distinguishes 3 stages:

• device;
• becoming;
• self-expression and self-realization(stagnation).

Professional development is considered as an ongoing process of personal self-design.

Learning and activity crisis

The process of entry of a student or a novice specialist into professional and pedagogical activities, as well as a person who has taken place in a career (as a worker or master), who increases his professional and personal growth in the conditions of a training center when organizing retraining and advanced training, t i.e. professionalization of personnel, increased attention is paid. The purposeful formation of a person’s readiness at the psychological level to independently fulfill their duties contributes to the success of further development and advanced training, Kanlybovich L. A. and Dyachenko M. I. speak about this

An important aspect is fixing the crises of professionalization (a short stage of a cardinal transformation of professional consciousness). Markova A. K. notes that crises arise when the familiar does not satisfy, and the new has not yet been found, or when the employee’s creative approach to business is perceived “with hostility” by superiors or higher persons in the professional field.

Signs of a crisis of professionalization are the lack of something new, a decrease in the desire to improve, inner confusion, a sense of the need to overestimate one's abilities, a feeling of exhaustion of one's strength. It is noteworthy that the transition from one stage of professional development to another is inevitably accompanied by a turning point. Symaniuk E. E. and Zeer E. F. highlight "labor disruptions" associated with:

• professional orientation;
• professional growth;
• career choice;
• socio-professional self-actualization;
• loss of job.

Step by step phenomenon

Professionalization as a process of becoming a worker a master who is fluent in the skills, knowledge and skills necessary for a particular type of activity, is reflected in the authority of a person, in his ability to transfer his experience to other people, to act correctly in non-standard situations. The process of becoming a professional depends on the personal qualities, working conditions, motivation and interest of the employee himself.

There are 3 stages:

1. Primary professionalization is becoming. At this stage, the employee has mastered the necessary standard skills and knowledge quite well. The quality of work and efficiency of activities are at a high level, the employee has sufficient experience.
2. Experience. The worker works effectively and can simultaneously share experience with the younger generation. A person at this stage forms a certain opinion about some aspects of work, he can consciously make adjustments to work activities, as well as a certain kind of innovation in the work process.
3. Expertise. A specialist is an authority in a particular field, is engaged in the production of norms, values of the profession and builds tactics aimed at developingindustry.

The third stage is decisive for the subject to strive to train other specialists through master classes and seminars.

All stages of professionalization are continuous training and self-improvement of a person (as a master and a person), it is associated with the observance of moral positions, knowledge of production and professional ethics.

Psychological side

Psychologists of vocational education have established that entry into pedagogical activity at a professional level requires from a student or university graduate not only persistent efforts to master it, but also significant restructuring. Professionalization in psychology is a pedagogically regulated process of the psychological formation of a person, the formation of a specialist in the conditions of the education received. The whole process is closely related to the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the formation of personality.

From the point of view of psychologists, namely Ananyev B. G., Derkach A. A., Kuzmina N. V., Sitnikov A. P., who study the process within the framework of the acmeological approach, the stage of emphasizing the successful professional activity of a mature personality, its periods of ups and downs. Psychologist Zeer E. F. in highlighting the stages of professional development of an individual takes as a basis the social side of development and the quality of the performance of professional skills. Allocates 4 stages of the formation of professionalization in psychology. This is:

1. The emergence of professional intentions, the transition to a new level, for example,admission to an educational institution (socially and psychologically sound choice of profession).
2. Purposeful learning.
3. Introduction into workflow.
4. Realization of personality and achievement of mastery (leads to the development of stability in work activities).

Sports prototype

A professional athlete is an individual for whom sport is the main type of work activity. In this case, this profession is a type of business, part of the entertainment industry, the most refined form of commerce, as well as a type of entrepreneurial activity, the purpose of which is to profit from the sale of the spectacle of an athletic competition. Professional sports are actively developing in the country, including the practice of concluding contracts for work in foreign clubs.

Professionalization of sports is an inevitable, sometimes not objective process, which is aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the aesthetic and technical side of sports through entertainment. It is important to understand that sports can be commercial or aimed at achieving results and new records. The first is aimed at obtaining financial profit, and the second develops according to the laws of sports activities. In modern times, due to professionalization, sport is losing its original function. M. M. Bogen expressed his opinion in this way: “Professionalized sport is a social disaster, its result is not only victories and records that glorify the country, but also people who have lost their he alth.”

BIn professional sports, the main component - the result in an honest way - is gradually losing its meaning, giving way to another principle: "win at any cost." What can act as professionalization tools? This is psychological pressure and aggression during the competition and before it. All these sports problems are relevant, most of them are related to the search for new mechanisms that increase the effectiveness of the regulation of social processes.