The vertical division of labor is Forms of labor organization in the enterprise

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Division of labor is the division of production and management processes into a number of small actions. A well-organized division of the company's labor resources allows it to place employees in jobs depending on personal and professional abilities. In other words, the purpose of the division of labor is to isolate various types of labor activity, as well as assigning them to certain employees of the company.

The vertical division of labor is used to separate the work of coordinating all actions and the direct execution of these actions. Such a division into several levels in most cases is typical for fairly large companies. The larger the company with a large number of branches and divisions, the more levels there are in the divisionlabor.

Definition

Vertical division of labor is a system for separating managerial activities from activities in the production process.

There is also a horizontal division of labor, which differs from the vertical one in that the division occurs along functional and qualification lines.

The existing amount of management, which is available in the company, actually affects the chain of division of labor, both vertically and horizontally. With the emergence of a vertical division of labor resources, a hierarchy arises that distributes managerial officials into several levels. The most important characteristic of such a hierarchy is the subordination of officials from one level to another. The scope of management of each level is determined by the scope of its control.

Specific features of managerial work

Specialists identify a number of features inherent in managerial activities:

• indirect participation in production, and hence the creation of we alth;
• the subject of labor is information;
• workers are not inherent in physical labor, but mental;
• technology is the means of labor;
• management decisions are the goal and result of labor.

Leaders do not personally create the company's products, but it is from the control, as well as the creation of an integral system, that depends on how effective the work on the production of products will be.

Resultthe work of managerial personnel also depends on the quality of the information they receive, as well as on the quality of the analysis of this information, its systematization. Correctly made, and most importantly - on time, management decisions are the starting point for achieving efficient production and profit.

Types of mental labor

Intellectual labor can be divided into several types:

• Administrative activities. Includes educational and organizational activities. Employees in the majority perform the reception, as well as the transmission of the information received to the performers. Control the execution of decisions.
• Analytical activity. Employees who are entrusted with this activity are engaged in the analysis of incoming information and the adoption of specific decisions.
• Information and technical. Employees are busy with computational and logical operations.

Managerial work always has a subject that affects the object. The subject is the control system, in other words, the employee or management body that controls the object. It is a managed system.

Directions

The vertical division of labor in an organization has several directions:

• human resource management is responsible for the development and stable operation of the company's workforce;
• technological management is responsible for the introduction of advanced technologies into the work, as well as for the automation of production;
• economic management is responsible for the tactical planning of the company,maintaining profitability;
• operational management is responsible for the stable operation of the production process;
• general management of the company is responsible for planning and implementing strategic decisions and achieving the goals of the company.

Functional roles

Functional roles in the vertical division of labor are directly the leaders themselves, as well as support staff.

The main activity of managers is to make strategic decisions that directly affect the activities of the company as a whole. In the vertical division of labor, this is the highest position in the managerial hierarchy.

The next step is occupied by specialists. Their main task is to implement managerial decisions of managers. It can be said that they combine both management and execution functions.

The lowest level of the hierarchy in the vertical division of managerial labor is occupied by support staff. They are also called technical executives who are engaged in information services for the entire administrative apparatus.

Hierarchy of management levels: top level

The vertical division of labor has the following hierarchy: from the lowest to the highest levels.

The top level represents the owners of the company. The presidents and vice presidents of the company also belong to this level of the hierarchy. In a joint-stock company, the highest level is the members of the board of directors (shareholders). Their activity is to developstrategic decisions, creating the policy of the organization.

It is important to understand that the decisions that will be made by top managers will mainly determine the further actions of all other levels, and the results of the company.

Hierarchy of management levels: middle level

The middle level in the vertical division of labor is directly the director of the enterprise, as well as the heads of various divisions and departments of the company. Their responsibility includes such matters as: the practical implementation of the strategic requests accepted by senior managers. They are also responsible for communicating the necessary strategies and plans to the executive staff of the company, the middle link is also responsible for monitoring execution.

Hierarchy of management levels: lowest level

In management with a vertical division of labor, the lowest level is occupied by administrators, foremen and specialists. Under their subordination are ordinary employees of the company. The main activity of lower-level managers is to control ordinary employees, as well as to ensure the stability and continuity of work.

It is important to understand that all the tasks that are set by managers, regardless of the hierarchy, are performed precisely by the labor resources of ordinary employees. Therefore, the requirements, goals and objectives of the company will be communicated to them correctly, clearly and clearly, and the results will be achieved.

An example of a vertical division of labor

Ifconsider the example of a vertical division of a company from the banking sector, then the administrators of the operational departments of a commercial bank are considered to be the representatives of the lower management level. This level also includes managers. In the vertical division of labor at the middle level are the heads of departments of commercial banks. Members of the boards of directors, as well as all shareholders, are the leaders.