The management model is Concept, classification, meaning

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

The management model is a concept that is constantly changing, there are no constants here. It is understandable: new business formats appear and disappear with cosmic speed. And along with them is the transformation of all components of business life - from the foundations of ethics to communication technologies. The evolution of managerial thought against this background is an extremely interesting phenomenon. It needs to be closely monitored and, if possible, analyzed.

We suggest going through a variety of management models - remembering what happened, fixing what has become.

Trouble with wording and definitions

Today you can find a whole fan of formulations of the main management models - for every taste. They are united by bulkiness, pseudo-science and absolute incomprehensibility. The eyes darken from "theoretically built sets of ideas" and "instructive statements." Please, here is one of the many masterpieces:

“The organization management model should be understoodtheoretically supported opinion: on the essence and fundamental principles of the management system; about its impact on the managed object; about adapting the management system to changes in the surrounding world in such a way that the company ensures the fulfillment of its goals, is viable and steadily developing.”

Discrediting concepts

There is an explanation for this. The fact is that the “management model” is the most popular topic of numerous essays, term papers and articles for dissertations. There is a demand for topics, which means there is a crowd of management experts - giants of theoretical thought who earn money on this. These guys love to compete with each other in novelty and dissimilarity of thoughts.

All this is sad: management concepts are being discredited in the eyes of those who study. They do not have the experience to have an independent opinion and fence themselves off from the army of theoretical teachers.

We have other tasks with you. Let's try to figure it out in our own way. In short, the management model is the way and rules for the functioning of the company. Now let's move on to the classification.

Choosing from classical models of control systems

Don't let the adjective "classic" fool you. These models have not gone away, they live and live well. Moreover, the list below is well structured and will help you navigate the options presented and create new options for your needs. Management is a creative occupation, right? We bring to your attention only six models, some of themcompletely new and trendy. Let's go.

Linear-functional (reinforced concrete)

This management model is immutable functions and hierarchical relationships between employees and departments. The charter and other normative documents are the main gods in such organizations. Rigorous implementation of everything “as expected.”

Many consider this model outdated and "Soviet" in spirit. “Nothing like that,” we answer. It all depends on the specifics of the business and the contingent of performers. Aviation security services and aeronautical engineers, for example, function only according to this model. Aircraft pilots, by the way, too. There is no other way in aviation. And many more where. You just need to think with your head, right?

Regular or directive (vertical)

The directive management model is a power vertical in a reduced size. Everything is decided by the boss at the top with the help of orders from top to bottom. Line managers usually have little real authority. Business processes are not doing well here: they are simply not defined due to lack of local authority.

There is an encouraging feature here: the order received from above in the line units begins to spread horizontally. In other words, inside the departments the situation can be a little more democratic.

Where can this format work? Again, there are many places. In a transitional crisis period. When changing ownership, for example. There are many businesses whose success rests on the shouldersone man. This is neither bad nor good. Is it acceptable for you? Think.

Design model (constantly changing)

Project management models usually stand apart because project management itself changes according to the stage of work or the solution of a particular problem. Everything is determined by precise periods of time - a wonderful disciplining factor. There are two types of design models:

Cascade option is used more often. Everything is simple here: you can proceed to the next stage of work only when the previous one is fully completed

Spiral model, in which the stages of the project are carried out within a logical sequence. This option is more advanced, with more freedom of action for the leader

Choosing from new models of control systems

Matrix (hybrid)

And here is the hybrid control option. This is a mixture of a linear-functional (reinforced concrete) model in half with … a design model (constantly changing). Here, the performers fall under double subordination: the line chief and the project manager at the same time.

The model is extremely common. And if everything is well spelled out, then it turns out to be an excellent tandem: the line manager is administratively responsible for human and other resources on the site. A project manager is responsible for the timing and quality of work. This is one of the most effective and sustainable models, by the way.

Service (buy and sell)

This model is rather a tributefashion. At least, this is how it seems in the territory of the post-Soviet space. Perhaps it will be better in the future, but so far it is difficult.

If you figure it out, this is the purchase of services in line departments by project managers. Payment for these services comes from the budget of the current project. It turns out that the project manager acts as a customer with money. Well, the functional manager performs and optimizes … Here you need to get rid of stereotypes and reconsider managerial responsibilities. The model itself is great.

Business process orientation model (second hybrid)

Very similar to the matrix. The management process model combines three components: management, provision and production, like any production business process. The line manager defines and empowers business process managers. And already in this "process" form, work is carried out within the framework of the project.

Criteria for choosing a governance model

Now let's get down to the list of criteria that will help you make the right choice:

• vertical and horizontal connections: their presence, strength and ability to change if necessary;
• ethics of relations and type of communication between employees and superiors;
• attitude towards the concept of "responsibility" at the level of the entire organization and at personal levels;
• general environment in the company: trust, honest attitude towards each other, etc.;
• the degree of employee interest in the success of the company, their awareness of the goals and mission (the real situation, not learned on the runmotto from the main page of the corporate website);
• ability to respond to external changes, response style;
• applied types of motivation and incentives for employees.

The list goes on. The main thing is that the choice of management model should be based on an honest analysis of the state of affairs in the company. The list of arguments for this or that model should look so that it would not be embarrassing to show it, for example, at the plenary session of the Economic Forum in St. Petersburg. That's when everything will be fine. An important choice, right?

Control models in the international interior

Management has always had a huge number of schools, directions and models. If we group them as much as possible and analyze the differences between them, two directions with an international flavor will stand out and one is the most advanced, let's call it "transatlantic".

American model (hard, almost reinforced concrete)

The company's efficiency depends on internal factors such as process optimization, cost savings, risk management, etc. Goals and objectives are formulated as clearly as possible and set for a long time. Increased specialization, increased production, unquestioning execution of orders from above. It didn’t seem to you, it reminds you of something … The model is close in spirit to the reinforced concrete version, even with some kind of Soviet bias …

Japanese model (friendly anthill)

Of course, it was formed thanks to the national culture with its own nuances and peculiarities of mentality. Many are stillSince then, the Japanese model has been considered the most effective and harmonious of all existing ones. If you are one of them and dream of doing everything the same in your company, then … you will not succeed. Too many specifics beyond our control.

Employment for life alone is worth something. Are you ready for this? The criteria for career advancement are age and experience - are you ready again? The main principle of the Japanese management system is concern for the enterprise as a whole. No individual innovations, employees are hardworking ants of a huge and friendly anthill.

The number of attempts to work on the famous "kaizen" system goes into hundreds of thousands, a few years ago the Japanese model was the squeak of corporate fashion. No one has yet named a successful and truly effective implementation.

And now in Russian

When people talk about the Russian management model, they mean the most famous book by Alexander Prokhorov. This is a rather critical review and analysis of management features in Russian companies, in which the author comes to unhappy conclusions.

The Russian management model is able to function only in two states in which it constantly resides:

1. Emergency crisis situation with emergency mobilization of resources for immediate implementation of the goal.
2. Either complete calm - stability without any threats.

You can agree or object to the author of this version of the business in Russian. It is now important for you and me to know that another concept of the Russian modelthere is no management, there is only this book. In other words, it's not a concept yet.

Marketing model - "transatlantic"

The model assumes an open and lively system, in which the main element is an employee with ambitious plans for self-realization. Teams in such companies are united to a greater extent by common values, rather than job descriptions and a hierarchy of subordination. Maximum flexibility and adaptability to changing conditions is another important factor in the success of the company's development. This approach is called situational.

The emphasis is not on saving resources, but on their proper distribution. Nobody is afraid of problems. On the contrary, they are carefully analyzed and described in order to then find options for their solution.

The model is, of course, excellent: relevant and very advanced. In order for everything to work out, you need to work well with your employees. In order not to be afraid of transformations and changes, they were ready to take risks and wanted to move through life, and not sit in a cozy and warm swamp. So, first you need to attend to the formation of a dream team. It's not easy, to say the least…

By the way, the famous quality management models are similarly divided into American, Japanese and mixed European schools. All of them belong to the quality management system.

Other models

We walked through the models of company management. To complete the picture, other management technologies should also be mentioned. As, for example, models of public administration. itthe most interesting section of management with an incredible history and analytical statistics. There are also classic and modern hybrid control options.

If we talk about corporate governance models, then they are surprisingly divided along the same boundaries into:

1. Anglo-American with priority shareholder rights.
2. Continental with pronounced "banking" power.
3. Asian with fine industrial policy.

With all the specifics and special conditions of corporate law, corporate governance models are subject to change over time.