Basic is Features of the general taxation system

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

The general system is distinguished by a fairly large list of deductions that are obligated to an economic entity. Some enterprises voluntarily choose this mode, some are forced to do so. Let us further consider what this taxation system is, how to make the transition from the USN to the OSNO. The article will also talk about the features of mandatory deductions in the general mode.

BASIC: taxes

Many entrepreneurs, in an effort to minimize the burden and simplify accounting work, choose special taxation regimes. However, in such cases, subjects must comply with a number of requirements established by law. Otherwise, by default, the general system of taxation will be recognized for them. What amounts are payable to extra-budgetary funds and to the budget under OSNO? This is:

1. VAT. The general rate is 18%. For certain product categories, 10% is set. Export is carried out without VAT.
2. Deductions from income (20%).
3. Legal entity property tax. It is calculated at a rate of 2.2% of the value of fixed assets on the balance sheet.
4. NDFL - 13%.
5. Contributions to the Pension Fund, Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund, FSS. They make up 30.2% ofsalary fund.

Depending on the specifics of the activity, transport, land and other fees may also be charged. For individual entrepreneurs on the OSNO, the following mandatory payments are established:

1. VAT.
2. NDFL.
3. Individual property tax.
4. Local fees.
5. Compulsory extrabudgetary contributions.

Calculation of each specified type of taxes is carried out according to a certain scheme, regulated in the relevant legislative acts.

Expense and income accounting: cash method

One of the first activities that is carried out when changing the simplified regime to OSNO is the formation of the period base. In this case, it is important not to take into account expenses and incomes again. In other words, if some receipts and expenses have already been recorded earlier, then there is no need to reflect them again when changing the system. The legislation does not provide for any special procedure for the formation of income and expenditure items for those enterprises that will use the cash basis on OSNO. This means that nothing will fundamentally change for such companies.

Accrual method

Those enterprises that will use this option when determining expenses and incomes have a special procedure for OSNO. This follows from Art. 346.25 NK. The composition of income includes accounts receivable, which was formed during the period of using the simplified regime. The fact is that the cost of delivered, but not paid for services or products is notincluded in them. Unclosed advances that were received in a special mode do not affect the base. All prepayments are thus included in the USN base.

Costs

They include amounts of unpaid accounts payable. For example, the products were received before the change of the special regime to the general one, and payment was made after the establishment of the OSNO. This means that the cost of inventory items should be taken into account in the process of determining budget allocations for profit. This is due to the fact that enterprises using the simplified regime apply the cash method. Accounts payable expenses should be reflected in the month in which the transition from one taxation regime to another is made. These requirements are established in paragraph 2, Art. 346.25 NK. An advance payment issued during the simplified taxation period is written off after the establishment of the OSNO. Reporting is prepared after the counterparty closes the advance payment and fulfills obligations.

Important moment

It should be said separately about intangible assets and fixed assets. There will be no problems when these objects were acquired and began to be used by the enterprise during the period of simplified taxation. In this case, all expenses will already be written off.

VAT

It is necessary to take into account that when switching to OSNO with the simplified tax system from January 1, the enterprise becomes a payer of this tax. From the first quarter, therefore, VAT is charged on all relevant transactions. Special rules are provided for servicesor products that are sold on a prepaid basis. There can be three options here:

1. The advance was received in the previous period, and at the same time there was a sale. In this case, VAT is not charged. This is explained by the fact that over the past year the company was on a simplified system, and the fact of switching to OSNO does not matter here.
2. The advance was received in the previous period, and the implementation took place after the establishment of the general regime. VAT in this case is charged on the date of shipment. You do not need to do this in advance.
3. The receipt of prepayment and sale occurred after the transition to OSNO. In this case, VAT is charged on both the advance payment and the shipment. When including the tax upon sale, the previously established one from the prepayment can be deducted.

If the sale was carried out without an advance payment, and the shipment was after the transition to OSNO, VAT is charged. If the delivery took place on a simplified system, then, accordingly, the enterprise was not a payer. Therefore, VAT is not charged in this case.

Input VAT

In some cases, the tax on property acquired under the simplified system can be deductible by the company after the transition to the OSNO. This is allowed if the cost of production was not taken into account when calculating deductions. For example, this may relate to contract work and materials purchased for capital construction, which the company did not have time to complete, being on a simplified system.