Sewerage: cleaning, removing blockages. Wastewater treatment plant, biological wastewater treatment

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Sewage disposal systems are a necessary component of any private household. Sewerage is initially designed so that it excludes the formation of traffic jams and congestion, which create an unpleasant odor and can disrupt the drainage system. To this end, the sewerage system is supplemented with special devices that provide cleaning of drains and pipes. If properly designed and installed, such an infrastructure will last for many years without accidents.

Sewer device

Today, the main material for the implementation of drainage systems on the site are plastic pipes (PVC) of high density. They have become popular due to their lightness and resistance to corrosion processes, and their strength under these operating conditions is not inferior to metal counterparts. In addition, means for cleaning sewers in such systems are easier to implement. However, it is advisable to use cast iron pipes, but they are more expensive.

In the finished system on the site, the movement of water through the pipes is carried out independently. To ensure gravity flow, pipes are laid undera certain bias. Typically, sewerage acts as a connecting element between waste collection areas and an external reservoir or collector.

Mechanical way to clear blockages

A tool for performing cleaning operations in this way can be found in every home - a plunger and a plumbing cable. Before using these devices, you should try getting rid of traffic jams with boiling water. It has a good effect on fatty deposits, due to which clogging of pipes occurs. If this method does not help, you can use a plunger. Through simple manipulations, the sewer is cleaned, the pipes of which must first be filled with water, otherwise the effect will be minimal.

The plumbing cable has a special handle for rotation and a spiral tip. There are also models with an end in the form of a brush and a brush. But it is important to remember that too rough cleaning of sewer pipes with hard elements can damage some types of rubber and plastic products. During the cleaning, you can intuitively determine the nature of the blockage - as a rule, the cable allows you to physically eliminate plugs of any complexity.

Chemical cleaning

In the maintenance of plumbing communications, the use of chemicals is not uncommon. They are effective and easy to use, but you must follow the instructions for use so as not to get burned.

In addition to folk recipes in the form of soda and vinegar, you can try special preparations based on alkali and caustic sodium. The advantage of this combination iseffective cleaning of sewers by dissolving all common types of s alts, acids and fats, the concentration of which provokes the formation of traffic jams. The disadvantages of such a chemical include the risk of damage to PVC pipes. But the drug is allowed for servicing metal pipes. Specialized compounds used for plastic sewerage are developed on the basis of hydrochloric acid. Such products cope with lime formations, grease, remove hair and food residues.

Hydrodynamic sewer cleaning

This is a modern method of getting rid of blockages in sewer pipes, which is more often used in private homes. The principle of operation of this technology is based on water exposure under high pressure. Accordingly, hydrodynamic sewer cleaning involves the use of special equipment. A few years ago, complex installations on an automobile chassis were involved in such operations. At the moment, the development of sanitary equipment makes it possible to produce small-sized hydrodynamic units, which can easily eliminate plugs in pipes with a diameter of 5 cm. The speed of blockage removal is determined by the power of the machine.

Absorption wells and ground filtration

Recently, such wells have become the most popular in ensuring the removal of storm sewers. By design, this structure is a concrete (or plastic) ring-shaped system with a diameter of 1 m, immersed in the ground. Directly cleaning stormwatersewerage is realized by drainage flooring, including sand, gravel or sand and gravel layers. The upper part of the absorbent well is covered with geotextile. When arranging such a structure, it is important to follow the rules for the location of septic tanks - the minimum distance from the house is 2 m.

Cleaning with natural materials and the participation of the soil layer is not difficult to install and provides good filtration results. To understand its work, it should be recalled that the effluents first enter a special sump, where they settle, separate and ferment. Next is the treatment of wastewater in the ground. At this stage, the principle of ground filtration is fulfilled. The device of the system uses a layer of washed rubble and geotextiles. The rest of the infrastructure is also made of drainage pipes and connecting components. During the cleaning process, organic and mineral elements are dissolved - at this stage, bacteria are retained, and the filtered effluents pass further to groundwater.

Biological treatment septic tank

If the conditions on the site do not allow the implementation of a treatment system based on natural filtration principles, then there is only one option left - the installation of a biological septic tank, for example, an aerobic one. In most cases, sewers treated in this way last longer due to high-quality pre-filtration.

The object is located underground and in finished form is a closed container,divided into cameras. One of them provides for the presence of a frame with useful (in terms of filtration) aerobic bacteria. With the help of a special compressor, air enters the septic tank, which is sprayed by a diffuser. This is how biological wastewater treatment occurs through fine bubble aeration.

In suburban households, this approach is advisable to use if permanent residence is expected. This is due to the fact that activated sludge is used in septic tanks of the aerobic type, which, in the absence of drains, loses its functional qualities.

Reservoirs and ponds in the sewerage system

The collection of rain and melt water can also be organized in an artificial reservoir, and then used to irrigate the site. In addition, part of the effluent will naturally evaporate. The slopes and the bottom of the reservoir must be waterproofed.

If the surface of the soil is poorly permeable (there is a layer of clay with silt), then the water resistance will remain without third-party intervention. If the bottom and walls of the reservoir are made of sand, you will have to create artificial layers of insulation - you can use the same clay or sealed film. It happens that the sewerage system is arranged on a site with elevated groundwater. For this reason, during periods of heavy rains, it is important to monitor the level of the reservoir - it should not overflow.

Where should the treatment plant be located?

The best option would be a flat and free area on whichlow water level and permeable soil. These are ideal conditions for creating sewage treatment. But in most cases, you have to deal with problem areas, which, in fact, determines the variety of approaches to wastewater filtration.

When planning where to install a drainage or septic tank, it is important to consider the configuration in which the sewer is made. At the same time, cleaning should eliminate the risks of contamination of groundwater, a drinking well and residential facilities. To minimize this probability, it is advisable to leave a few meters from the building to the toilet, garden and home. As a last resort, it is necessary to verify the reliability of the filtration system itself.