Drilling bit: types, characteristics, purpose

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Construction and mining equipment, focused on creating holes and wells, is equipped with special nozzles. Depending on the nature of the operation being performed, it can be a small drill or a massive crown. The most complex, responsible and large-scale activities can be performed by a drilling bit, which can have different parameters. The advantages of such equipment include a high degree of productivity, mechanical reliability and versatility. Although, of course, a drill with certain properties is used for each type of work.

Purpose of drill bits

Most often the largest representatives of this class of nozzles are used in the mining industry. A high degree of wear resistance and destructive impact, backed up by the power capacities of the main equipment, allow the tool to cope with drilling in solid rock formations. But the construction area is not complete without this type of equipment. In particular, a drill bit is included in the package of some types of rotary hammers and even multifunctional screwdrivers with an impact function. Another thing is that in this case, both the dimensions and the operational capabilities of the crown are less high than in models designed forwork with rocks.

It is also important to note the ability of crowns to work with specific materials. The same rotary hammers in powerful versions cope with concrete and some rocks. Typically, a drill bit for such tasks is included in machine tool punching machines that can be used to create large-format holes in walls.

Varieties

Crowns are divided according to several principles, including the purpose and structural device. As for the purpose, a conditional division into tooling for concrete, diamond elements and drilling rigs based on carbide metals is usually used. The structural arrangement of carbide elements is also divided into three groups. The first represents a segment of ribbed crowns, which are characterized as non-abrasive or finely abrasive. As a rule, drilling equipment with such equipment is used in working with clay, limestone, peat, marl and other soil compositions. The second category is incisor crowns, which are considered monolithic and low-abrasive. Such a tool is used in the processing of clay and sand shale, limestone and dolomites. And the third group represents self-sharpening crowns with a monolithic and abrasive surface. Siltstones, diorites and conglomerates are treated with this drill.

Features of diamond bits

The use of diamond segments in drills and crowns is considered the most promising direction in mining,and in the construction industry. Firstly, this is due to the increased resistance of the material itself, which has practically no restrictions in terms of processing. Secondly, the durability and low level of wear of the cutting segments of this origin makes the use of a diamond structure economically justified. Today, diamond drill bits are used in all areas where the formation of holes of one kind or another is required. The advantages of such equipment also include flexibility in terms of operating conditions. For example, drilling technologies allow the bit to be used in subsea operations while maintaining a sufficiently high degree of productivity.

Specifications

One of the main parameters of the crown is the correspondence to one or another shank. In particular, there are models that interact with cylindrical, hex and SDS-max shank types. It is important to note that a certain size is suitable for each type of cartridge. For example, drill bit diameters from 20 mm can be combined with the universal SDS-max system. The general range for this value varies from 8 to 150 mm. Another important characteristic is the method of cooling. Usually, nozzles are divided according to their ability to implement one of the drilling methods - wet or dry. The use of the first method provides for the supply of water during the operation - this ensures the cooling of the element and the removal of slag with dust. Refusal of the third-party cooling system during dry drilling simplifies the organizational process of the operation, but reduces the technical resourcecrowns.

Crown manufacturers

High-quality multi-purpose crowns are produced under the brands Dew alt, Bosch, Makita, etc. These manufacturers have a strong position in the construction market, endowing their products with advanced technological advantages. The professional segment is represented by Elitech, Kraftool and MATRIX. In the lines of these brands, you can find large-format nozzles, which, in particular, complement drilling equipment in the mining industry. Not bad in terms of characteristics, crowns are also produced by domestic enterprises, including Interskol, Zubr, Enkor, and others.

The nuances of using crowns

The key to the success of high-quality drilling is formed at the preparation stage. The user must check the working equipment, select a crown suitable for the planned operation and stock up on the necessary consumables. It is desirable to implement the workflow directly using the wet method. For example, carbide drill bits perform their task more efficiently with an abundant supply of water. But you shouldn’t be too zealous with pouring liquid either, otherwise there will be a risk of slowing down the rotation of the element.

How to choose the right crown?

Pay attention to the material of manufacture, technical parameters and, in particular, size, as well as design features. As for the material, standard carbide tooling is suitable for the simplest operations, andwork with concrete or brick is desirable to implement with diamond segments. The diameter is selected strictly in accordance with the requirements for the result. It is not recommended to give preference to cheap equipment. As a rule, the price of a high-quality drilling bit costs about 1-1.5 thousand rubles. Moreover, this is not much higher than the cost of cheap products from little-known manufacturers, which can be 700-800 rubles. A high-quality high-strength crown will justify this overpayment due to a longer service life and the effectiveness of the abrasive-destructive effect.

Conclusion

Works on drilling and drilling of solid materials are required not only in specialized professional fields. Even a household puncher in many modifications supports combination with such nozzles. Another thing is that it is more likely to be a small-diameter drill bit. In the household, the presence of such a tool may be required in case of repair of utility systems. For example, if you plan to lay plumbing or heating ducts through the wall. Small-format crowns are also useful for creating small holes in the same concrete for electrical infrastructure.