2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
An estimate is an appendix to the contract between the contractor and the customer, in which the cost of the work is calculated. The document also provides a cost estimate for materials.
Estimated cost - the base value for determining the total amount of capital investments, contractual prices for products and materials. Consider further what types of construction estimates are.
General information about settlement documents
Specialists note that estimates for large projects must be ordered from professionals.
Estimate by type of work is an integral part of the working documentation. There are a number of requirements for its design. As a rule, the estimate is made simultaneously with the project.
Local estimates
They are compiled for a certain type of work or for one object. This type of estimate is used when the estimated scope of work and expenses has not been finally determined.
Calculation is made in contract prices. In the appendix or in the estimate itself, a list of all materials is given with an indication of the unit cost of each of them. In the final part, the total cost of all materials that will bebe used when performing a specific type of work or the entire facility as a whole.
Objective estimates
They combine local calculations. This estimate reflects all types of costs. In the estimate for the improvement of the territory, for example, there may be calculations for:
- Creating landscape design.
- Construction of gazebos.
- Installing the fountain.
- Creating a playground, etc.
Summary calculation
This type of estimates is designed to reflect generalized, aggregated indicators. The summary calculation takes into account a variety of costs.
The main types of expenses in the estimate are the costs of:
- Construction equipment.
- Finishing work.
- Materials.
The summary calculation includes costing for the demolition of a structure, preparation of documents for allocating a site for construction, costs associated with obtaining technical conditions, etc.
Features of compilation
Each type of estimate has its own characteristics that must be considered when drawing up a document. If necessary, the developer can make the calculation independently. However, as a rule, customers turn to specialized companies.
Any kind of estimate can be made on a computer using the Excel program. In addition, special applications are released. They already contain the main indicators, types of work, cost, types of materials, consumption rates, etc.
If the capital construction object is large,For the convenience of contractors and the customer, all work is divided into stages. Accordingly, payment is made as each of them is completed.
Nuances
In any construction project there is a section that lists all the materials, indicates the time of execution of a particular stage of work. A deadline for the delivery of the finished object is also set. Accordingly, a correctly drawn up estimate should contain quantitative characteristics of all the envisaged works: from digging a pit to finishing.
In any kind of estimates, overhead costs are taken into account. These include, in particular, transportation costs, the cost of paying for the services of the administrative department of the contractor, etc. These costs amount to approximately 10-15% of the total cost. In addition, the profit of the contractor must also be taken into account. It is about 20% of all costs.
As practice shows, when conducting construction work, one cannot do without additional costs. In the estimate, it is necessary to provide a small percentage for them. However, the estimator must explain to the customer the conditions for the occurrence of such costs.
Steps
The budgeting process includes:
- Calculating project costs.
- Determination of the total amount of required investments.
- Calculating workers' payroll.
- Calculating the cost of materials, structures, equipment.
- Determination of the total estimated cost.
As a rule, all calculations are presented in the form of tables. In this formit is convenient for the user of the estimate to compare and evaluate the correctness of the calculations.
Adjustment
Not a single estimate can do without it. In this case, the adjustment will be carried out repeatedly, especially if the calculation is carried out under the reconstruction or overhaul project.
Additions and changes are made to the estimate after the inspection of the object before the approval of the cost estimate. Adjustment avoids unexpected expenses. Usually, after the revision, there is a decrease in the estimated cost.
Calculation method
Estimates are usually compiled using the base-index method. It is based on a system of predictive and current indices. The method allows taking into account the level of market prices at different stages of project implementation.
Indices are used to convert the base cost into the current one at the time of work. Currently, various software products are being released to help designers, which already contain the current standards, indices, coefficients.
Estimated cost
It includes the calculation of direct and overhead costs, as well as the amount of planned savings.
Direct is the cost of purchasing materials, equipment, wages.
Overhead costs are required to manage and maintain the construction process. Ratios are used to calculate these costs.
Planned savings are called estimated profit, which compensates for the company's costs. They include expenses for modernization, infrastructure developmententerprises, creating proper conditions for the work of staff.
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