2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
Chemical hazardous facilities are facilities (whether laboratories, institutions or enterprises) that store, process, use or transport hazardous chemicals that can harm the he alth of the nearby population. Moreover, the amount of substances transported to chemically hazardous facilities exceeds the threshold value, and when they are destroyed, people, animals and the environment as a whole can be infected. Chemically hazardous facilities are enterprises of the chemical, oil refining, meat and dairy, food industries, bases and cold storage plants with refrigeration units located on them that use ammonia. In addition, chemically hazardous facilities are water treatment and pulp and paper enterprises that use chlorine in the course of their work, as well as ports and railway stations that have tracks with rolling stock with chemically hazardous substances. Also, this type of object includes absolutely any transport - whether it be a bicycle or an airplane that transports chemically hazardous goods. Chemically hazardous objects areand institutions of a scientific, medical or educational type that have their own chemical laboratory. Here you can also add warehouses, bases and other premises storing pesticides, and landfills on which chemically hazardous substances and other industrial waste "rest". Acids (nitric and sulfuric), hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon disulfide, chlorine and other chemicals are most often used at such hazardous facilities.
Classification of chemically hazardous objects can be carried out according to different criteria:
- toxicity;
- quantity;
- storage technology for emergency chemically hazardous substances;
- production signs (producing or consuming hazardous chemical substances).
Chemical hazardous objects are also divided into 4 classes.
| Classes | Number of people entering the contamination zone during a chemical accident (thousand people) | Radius of the sanitary protection zone surrounding the object (in meters) | Percentage of the population that does become infected in a suspected chemical contamination area |
| 1st | more than 75 | 1000 | over 50 |
| 2nd | 75-40 | 500 | 50-30 |
| 3rd | under 40 | 300 | 30-10 |
| 4th | 0 | 100 | under 10 |
Characteristicchemically hazardous objects gives by no means reassuring information about their safety. Any emergency chemically hazardous substance is capable of easily "invading" the environment, thereby causing mass poisoning among the population. And it turns out that they thus harm the world around them due to the physicochemical and toxic properties of these substances. The most important and decisive properties here are ignition, flash, boiling and freezing points, state of aggregation, corrosiveness, solubility, viscosity, density, heat of vaporization, volatility, diffusion coefficient, hydrolysis and saturated vapor pressure. But there are many other properties that also play an important role in the "life" of these hazardous substances and, as a result, 0 in people's lives.
Recommended:
The concept and composition of the category of land of specially protected areas and objects
Lands of specially protected territories and objects often arouse interest from people who want to get them into their possession, but few know the specifics of the current legislation
Classes of the Nice Classification: codes, list and classifier. What is the International Classification of Goods and Services?
For the registration of each mark of new products in business, the International Classification of Goods and Services is used. At the initial stage, the applicant determines under which category his activity falls. In the future, this will be the basis for the implementation of registration procedures and determining the amount of the fee paid by the entrepreneur
Tourism industry - what is it The concept, the order of classification of objects and development
The concept of tourism has French roots and is interpreted as one of the varieties of outdoor activities, travel in your spare time. In this article, we consider tourism as an object of professional activity and a cultural phenomenon of society
Industrial safety of hazardous industrial facilities: rules and requirements
In modern production, unfortunately, there are accidents. However, there are special instructions, the observance of which helps to prevent disasters. Consider further the basic rules of industrial safety
Information flows in logistics are Concept and classification, characteristics and examples
Information logistics deals with the organization of data flows that accompany material values in the process of their movement. It allows you to link supply, production and sales. Information flows in logistics are a tool for managing the processes of movement and warehousing of products
