FSUE GKNPTs im. Khrunichev. Roscosmos. Khrunichev State Space Research and Production Center

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Federal State Unitary Enterprise GKNPTs im. Khrunichev, created in 1993 by the merger of the country's two main enterprises in the rocket and space industry - the Salyut Design Bureau and the Khrunichev Machine-Building Plant, had to not only preserve and strengthen the scientific and technical potential in completely different conditions of the country's economy, but also increase operational efficiency to the extent that it will allow you to enter the global space market.

Integration

A strategy was developed for the development of the entire sphere of the rocket and space industry, a special program was created, which was approved by the government of the Russian Federation, to reform and develop the military-industrial complex in 2001. It was in accordance with this that the largestintegrated structure on the basis of GKNPTs im. Khrunichev - to develop and create a heavy class of launch vehicles.

The main task of integration was to preserve the entire existing scientific, technical and production potential of the enterprise in order to ensure the fulfillment of government orders, which were provided for by the Federal Space Program.

Execution of the decree

In 2007, a presidential decree appeared regarding this federal state unitary enterprise. GKNPTs im. Khrunichev worked for ten months on the reorganization and affiliation of four more federal state unitary enterprises as branches, where the Federal Space Agency and the Federal Agency for Federal Property Management had a leading role.

Isaev, the presidential decree was fully implemented.

Building strength

Nevertheless, in 2008 GKNPTs im. Khrunichev received a controlling stake in the Perm enterprise Proton-PM. It produced RD-276 - liquid-propellant rocket engines used as a power plant for the first stage of the Proton-M launch vehicle (heavy class). And in 2009, to the GKNPTs im. Khrunichev, by the next presidential decree, received shares in the Design Bureau of Chemical Automation - the world leader in the creation of rocket engines,participant of absolutely all manned space programs of our country.

This is one of the most modern, excellently equipped research and production associations, capable of providing the entire cycle of creating a liquid propellant rocket engine (LRE) for defense, science and the national economy - this is the Design Bureau of Chemical Automation. As part of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise GKNPTs them. M. V. Khrunichev KBKhA, it creates the best engines, develops the RD-0124A, which is used as the second and third stages of the latest Russian launch vehicles. Angara, for example, launches heavy spacecraft into orbit from Russian spaceports.

History and geography

In 2011, a decree of the President of the Russian Federation was issued, according to which the Federal State Unitary Enterprise GKNPTs im. M. V. Khrunichev received a new branch - Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Ust-Katav Carriage Works named after Kirov". Now the space center includes, in addition to the above, also RKZ (Rocket and Space Plant), Design Bureau Salyut, ZERKT (Plant for the Operation of Rocket and Space Equipment), ZMT and TNP (Plant of Medical Equipment and Consumer Goods).

Total Khrunichev State Space Research and Production Center has nine branches in seven different territories, covering the whole country - this is Moscow and the regions - Moscow, Vladimir, Chelyabinsk, Omsk, Arkhangelsk, Voronezh, and now in Crimea.

ZMT and consumer goods

This plant was formed in the early nineties and was called to work on the creation of advanced technologies forproduction of science-intensive high-quality products of medical equipment, where the priority is apparatus and equipment for resuscitation, departments of hyperbaric oxygenation and hypoxia. For example, single-seat oxygen pressure chambers are being created here, reliable, like all rocket and space technology. A completely unique technological base and successful long-term experience of highly qualified employees in this field made it possible to develop, organize production and mass-produce unique medical devices in the shortest possible time, such as barosystems BLKS-307, BLKS-303MK, BLKS-301M.

The high reliability of these products is achieved both by technology and by the control system, which is necessary in the production of space technology. This factory is located at: Moscow, Novozavodskaya street, 18.

ZERKT

Nearby is a plant that operates rocket and space technology. Its main activities are as follows:

1. Preparation for the launch of launch vehicles (launch vehicles) at spaceports.
2. Here they create and operate at cosmodromes technical complexes for ILV (space missiles) "Rokot" and "Proton".
3. Employees of the plant organize and participate in the work on overhaul and reconstructionSC (launch complexes) at Russian cosmodromes ("Rokot" and "Proton").
4. Here is the creation and operation of the Angara space rocket complex.

The management of the plant and the plant management are located in Moscow (Novozavodskaya street), on the territory of the Khrunichev State Research and Production Center. In Kazakhstan, a flight test base is based at the Baikonur cosmodrome. Also in the Arkhangelsk region there is a second flight test base at the Plesetsk cosmodrome.

RKZ

Roskosmos enterprises will not be able to operate in full without such a high-tech plant as the rocket and space plant. The technologies here are the most advanced and science-intensive, closely related to production.

products, pneumovacuum tests in all types and many others. Such a wide range of work is provided by the commonwe alth, where other Roscosmos enterprises also take part.

All these productions have certificates and allow products to receive the highest class of reliability and quality. At this plant, not only produce products according to ready-made drawings, but also develop technical specifications,design independently all the technical equipment of the existing technological processes.

Rocket and space industry

The Russian corporation "Roskosmos", which manages the entire space industry of the country, was created by the transformation of the federal space agency. And its stellar path began in the USSR Ministry of General Mechanical Engineering, then there were many natural reconstructions, integrations with enterprises and scientific organizations that are still part of it. Most of the space exploration and daring endeavors took place during the Soviet era.

The Roscosmos office is in Moscow, the Mission Control Center is in Korolev, and the cosmonauts are preparing in Star City. Both cities are located directly under Moscow. Roskosmos also uses three cosmodromes: Plesetsk, Vostochny and Baikonur. Cooperation with space agencies of other countries is successfully taking place, their satellites are being launched into orbit, cosmonauts and scientists are working together on the ISS, and Roscosmos is delivering foreigners to the station. The entire rocket and space industry is subordinate to this corporation.

Symbols

The Soviet period of the Ministry of General Machine Building was truly unique. Russia became a truly space power thanks to the first artificial satellite launched in October 1957, photographs of the brave astronaut dogs Belka andArrows flew around the world in November 1957. Finally, April 1961 came, when the first man flew into space - Yuri Gagarin. It was no less joyful to learn in 1965 that Alexei Leonov, for the first time in the world, stepped out of a ship into outer space. And then the Buran spacecraft and the Mir orbital station went into space.

In 1991, the ministry was transformed due to the collapse of the USSR and since the head of the ministry participated in the State Emergency Committee. Part of the objects of the space industry ended up on the territory of other states. The financial crisis did not allow the implementation of the previous management model with duplication of production and equipment. The Ministry of General Engineering was abolished. In 1992, the RSA (Russian Space Agency) was formed, directly subordinate to the government of the Russian Federation with a maximum number of employees of two hundred and twenty people.

Space tourism

Funding for space research was in severe shortfall, so an alternative solution to this problem was found. Supported the space tourism industry. In 2001, sixty-year-old Dennis Tito was sent into space on a commercial basis, and then seven more such tourists from among the extremely we althy people. By that time, the Mir station had worked out its allotted time three times and sank in the South Pacific Ocean.

In 2010, the construction of the Vostochny cosmodrome began, and six months later people began to use the free mapping service - the Roscosmos Geoportal. By 2015, the newly created state corporation began to withdraw fromcrisis of the post-perestroika years. The restructuring involved getting rid of the habits of the nineties - the opacity of financing and management schemes, even ownership, which appeared everywhere through the collapse of the Minobshchemash. The areas of activity of Roskosmos have expanded significantly. In April 2016, the first launch from the Vostochny cosmodrome took place.

Main Tasks

Roskosmos Corporation ensures the implementation of state policy, legal regulation, provides services and manages property owned by the state in the field of space activities.

International cooperation is being carried out, joint projects and programs are being implemented, work is being carried out on military equipment related to rocket and space, as well as strategic military equipment. Thus, parity and superiority over geopolitical opponents are ensured.