What is a state-owned company: features, benefits. The largest state-owned companies in Russia: list, rating

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

The economy of any state is based on the development of various enterprises, which, due to their tax deductions to the country's treasury, eventually form a positive balance. The presence of money in the state, in turn, is a guarantee of a successful life for the population, a guarantee of the security, integrity of the country, and its stable development. State-owned companies have been considered one of the main sources of income at all times in developed countries, a list of which we will consider in detail with you in this article. These enterprises play a significant role in the national economy, and sometimes even occupy a leading position in their niche.

Definition of a public company

These financial institutions can be quite different in their capabilities, but in general they have certain similarities. So, a state-owned company is an organization that can have any organizational and legal form. At the same time, its fixed assets are owned either directly by the state or by the municipality. Managers are appointed to their posts (hired by contract) by state bodies. It is worth noting the following fact: the state company is always guided byonly by searching for sources of the greatest income, but also seeks to satisfy the needs of society as much as possible, because the very name of the described organization suggests that the state is the main element, acting both as a creator and a consumer.

Key Points

Any public company:

• Must have a seal, which will depict the State Emblem of the Russian Federation. The full name of the organization must also be engraved on the seal.
• Has open personal accounts with the Federal Treasury and the right to open settlement accounts with banking institutions or other credit institutions for various financial transactions.
• Does not have any restrictions on the duration of its activity.
• Must publish detailed reports of its activities as required by law.
• Has the right to function in order to receive income from its activities, for which it was created. After payment of all fees and taxes provided for by applicable law, the company may use the remaining material resources to achieve the goals provided for by the Federal Law.
• Not obliged to answer for the obligations assumed by the Russian Federation. In turn, the Russian Federation is not responsible for the obligations of the company.

Rights

A state-owned company may:

• Open your own additional offices and create various branches.
• Be a member of associations and other associations of organizations.
• Make legal contracts.
• Have their own symbols (pennants, flags, emblems, other symbols) and regulate the order of its placement and use on their objects and vehicles.

Key benefits for an employee

Often, a state-owned company, the advantages of which will be indicated below, is not able to offer high wages for its personnel unit (exception can only be made by senior managers). At the same time, work for such an organization will take place unequivocally in strict accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. In turn, for an ordinary person, this will mean that:

• He is guaranteed to get an entry in his work book. Also, an employment contract will certainly be concluded with him.
• All required taxes and mandatory contributions to the state budget will be regularly withheld from the salary, which means that there will be no claims from the tax office.
• He will be en titled to mandatory paid annual leave, parental leave, sick leave.
• He will not be fired without complying with all the norms and requirements prescribed by law (warning in advance, severance pay, etc.).
• The working day will be normalized, payment for processing and work on weekends will be provided in accordance with the law.

It is also important that for job seekers, a state-owned company puts forward less stringent age requirements than any private structure. This is especially true for people over forty, who by today's standards are at risk in terms of employment.

Western trends

In many capitalist countries of the western part of our planet, for quite a long time there has been a characteristic stable feature, which is as follows: young people initially build their careers and secure a good material base for the future in private firms and enterprises. After that, at the age of about 40-45, they change jobs and move to state-owned companies, the features of which, in turn, allow a person to relax somewhat, because such organizations have less energy consumption for the employee, as well as good pension and social security, which favorably affects quality and life expectancy. In addition, state-owned companies rarely advertise their vacancies on the Internet and most often cooperate most closely with various labor exchanges and municipal services.

Creation rules

The creation of a state-owned company is regulated by law. At the same time, it is imperative to form a board of directors (supervisory board) of the company (both are the highest governing body).

This governing bodyorganizations can address the following issues:

• Approve the program of the company for a long period of time. This document must provide for the implementation of production, financial, investment indicators, if it is established by federal law.
• Approve the principle of remuneration of employees, which should provide for the dependence of wages on the level of achievement of key performance indicators.
• Determine how the company's profits will be used.
• Make decisions on the transfer of part of the organization's tangible property to the state treasury of the Russian Federation.

Also, the supreme body has the right to form special committees and commissions to resolve various issues. The procedure for the activities of the created structures and their personal and quantitative composition are determined by a separate resolution of the supervisory board.

State-owned companies in the country's economy

Russian state-owned companies occupy leading positions in many sectors of the national economy of the Federation. However, there are industries where the presence of state organizations is very small (for example, the coal industry, light and food industries).

Only 9% belongs to government agencies in the production of alcoholic products. This became possible only thanks to Tatspirtprom and Bashspirt.

The same rather low rate - 9% - is typical for state-owned companies and in construction.

The degree of penetration of state influence intothe pulp and paper industry is about 12%. Incomes to the treasury are deducted by only one state enterprise - FSUE "Gosznak". The main assets in this area have been owned by private enterprises and firms for many years.

The telecommunications sector is subject to the influence of the state by only 14%. The main state organization here is Rostelecom. On April 1, 2011, eight regional companies of Svyazinvest and a number of Federal State Unitary Enterprises were merged into it.

State participation in the production of motor vehicles, semi-trailers and trailers is 17%, and in the creation of equipment and mechanisms - 15%.

Extremely weak positions of state influence in the extraction of ores of various metals and metallurgy. Here, state-owned companies have only 3% in the non-ferrous metallurgy industry. At the same time, ferrous metallurgy is fully owned by private individuals.

Oil production. The country controls 23% of the industry. State control occurs thanks to the assets of Rosneft and Gazpromneft.

Electric power industry belongs to state structures by 35%. The main share falls on the Moscow region (Mosenergo, MOESK) and federal structures.

Given that the state owns more than half of the shares of Gazprom, the control of the gas industry by the country is 48%.

57% - this is how much belongs to state-owned companies in the production of various ships, space and aircraft. The positions of the state are very strong in the Ufa Engine-Building Production Association, the Kazan Helicopter Plant, the aircraft plant in Ulan-Ude, the Unitedshipbuilding company.

Large state-owned companies have the strongest influence in the transport industry - 73%. Here, railways, oil and gas pipelines come to the fore. Rail transport is run by Russian Railways OJSC, which is wholly owned by the state. Oil pipelines are controlled by Transneft, while gas pipelines are controlled by Gazprom.

Road Monopoly

The Russian Highways State Company was established and operates solely for the purpose of performing the functions of a customer in the process of designing, building, reconstructing, overhauling and maintaining highways. The company also organizes traffic (including traffic flow management), provides the necessary level of services (speed, comfort, safety), collects tolls on toll roads, monitors the safety of roads, assesses the transport and operational characteristics of roads. In addition, the state entity provides consulting, engineering and other services in its established field of activity. Her duties also include printing activities aimed at creating an atlas of highways of the Russian Federation. The company also creates, implements and applies innovative traffic control mechanisms, keeps records of accident rates on highways. At the same time, the organization has the right to present its employees for state awards, exercising theiractivities in the road sector.

It was decided on July 17, 2009 to create a state-owned company. The basis of her work is the Federal Law signed by Dmitry Medved.

In 2014, the state-owned company Russian Highways reached an agreement with the Russian Direct Investment Fund to jointly attract investors to various transport infrastructure projects. This agreement allowed to increase the volume of construction of new roads in the country under state control. The contract made it possible to attract at least 25% of project financing from leading foreign investors.

On June 24, 2016, talks were held in Beijing of the Intergovernmental Russian-Chinese Commission on Investment Cooperation, in which the chairman of Avtodor Sergey Kelbakh took part. The result of the meeting was the approval of the list of priority projects for the development of automotive infrastructure. Thus, in particular, special attention was paid to the construction of the Europe-Western China route. The project is part of the backbone network of high-speed roads. In this global construction project, the Russian state-owned company is the contractor, which will have to build about 2.3 thousand kilometers of roads. The project includes two phases. The first is 567 kilometers of the M-11 high-speed highway (Moscow - St. Petersburg). The second stage is from the Central Ring Road to the border with the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Giants of Russian open spaces

The biggestState-owned companies in Russia are, of course, those organizations that largely determine the economic state of the entire country. Therefore, it would be quite appropriate to consider a list of these titans. Among them are:

• Russian Technologies.
• Rosatom.
• RusHydro.
• Federal Grid Company of the Unified Energy System.
• Rosneft.
• Gazprom.
• "Transneft".
• RAO "Energy Systems of the East".
• "Aeroflot".
• "United Aircraft Corporation".
• "Russian Railways".
• "Almaz-Antey".
• "United Shipbuilding Corporation".
• Tactical Missiles Corporation.
• "AvtoVAZ".
• Military Industrial Corporation "Scientific and Production Association of Mechanical Engineering".
• S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia.
• Joint-Stock Company Alrosa.
• "Vega".
• Concern "Sea Underwater Weapons - Gidropribor".
• Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Technology Center.
• Roskhimzashchita.
• "Research and Production Corporation "Uralvagonzavod" named after F. E. Dzerzhinsky".
• Concern "Oceanpribor".
• "Information satellite systems" named after Academician M. F. Reshetnev.
• Unitedindustrial corporation "Oboronprom".
• "Microgen".
• FSUE "Space communications".
• FSUE Russian Post.
• FSUE Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network.
• Irkutsk OAO Energy and Electrification.
• System operator of the Unified Energy System.
• Sheremetyevo International Airport.
• Koltsovo Airport.

All these largest state-owned companies in Russia are under the control of federal executive authorities and the commission on high technologies and innovations. This is done with the aim of developing and implementing innovative development programs.

Most government involvement

The conditional rating of state-owned companies, which account for the largest share of state influence, will be as follows:

1. United Aircraft Corporation (UAC). The state company is included in the engineering sector. The state owns 93.4% of the shares. The corporation was founded in 2006. Initially, all 100% of the shares were owned by government agencies, but in 2009, part of the shares were sold to private individuals.
2. Alrosa is the largest diamond producer in the country. The state owns 90.9% of the shares.
3. Tattelecom. The government does not own the company directly, but thanks to the Svyazinvestneftekhim holding. At the same time, 87.2% of the shares are controlled by the state.
4. Rosneft is under close scrutiny from the government. The state holds 82% of the shares.
5. Energy company "UES" is mostly under the jurisdiction of the Federal Property Management Agency (79.55%).
6. Transneft. 78, 11% of the available authorized capital is the property of the state.
7. VTB Bank. Rosimuschestvo bought back 75.5% of the shares.
8. Kubanenergo The energy company responsible for providing electricity to Sochi's Olympic venues is 70% owned by the state.
9. RusHydro. The share of the Federal Property Management Agency in the company is 60.5%.
10. Inter RAO. The country owns almost 60% of the shares.
11. Aeroflot is a full member of the SkyTeam aviation alliance, 51.17% of whose shares are owned by the state.

In conclusion, we note: we hope that this article was still able to help you understand which state-owned companies are today, what are their main positive qualities and what is the share of participation in the development of Russia.