Modern production. The structure of modern production. Problems of modern production

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Developed industry and a high level of the country's economy are key factors influencing the we alth and well-being of its population. Such a state has great economic opportunities and potential. Production is a significant component of the economy of many countries.

What is modern production?

It is a type of production of tangible and intangible goods based on the application of the achievements of science and technology. Intensive changes in traditional production took place in the mid-90s, when the industry began to use technical innovations and developments of world scientists of the 20th century. All areas of modern production depend on science and information.

Structure of modern production

Modern production is divided into two types of activities:

1. Material production, which includes sectors of the national economy that produce material goods: agriculture, industry, construction andetc.
2. The service sector, which, in turn, is divided into two types:

• material services are aimed at meeting the physical needs of the consumer, continuing the production process, providing the necessary conditions for entrepreneurial activity. These include food production, transportation, communications, trade, storage of goods, tourism, maintenance of processes at enterprises, housing and consumer services;
• intangible services - actions directed directly at a person and his environment. The result of such services does not take on an objective form. These include insurance, social services, he alth care, scientific activities, spiritual and intellectual services, hospitality in restaurants and hotels, recreational activities, education and counseling.

This structure of modern production is due to the rapid development in recent years of various services and information technologies.

Features of modern production

Modern production is characterized by the following features:

• increasing the importance of services in production processes;
• the ability to satisfy not only the real needs of the consumer, but also his potential requirements;
• development of information technologies that underlie production processes;
• the economy of many countries depends heavily on intangible areas: culture and art.

Factorsmodern production

1. Personnel - an enterprise uses the labor of specially trained people to create benefits or change natural objects to meet the needs of society.
2. Means of labor are all sorts of material things, with the help of which goods and services necessary for mankind are created. These include machinery (machines, tools, equipment, various devices and tools), natural resources (for example, water at hydroelectric power plants). Thanks to the means of labor, natural we alth is transformed into useful items and benefits.
3. Objects of labor are things or their combination that humanity uses to meet its needs. They are divided into natural substances that have not been modified (coal seam), and raw materials that have undergone some processing (beaten ore).
4. Information - in recent times, it plays a decisive role in production processes. Even if the enterprise owns the first three factors, without information it is doomed to close.

Production technology

The production technology of an enterprise is a set of special techniques and knowledge that are used to manufacture goods of the appropriate quality. The use of technology must be accompanied by documentation describing all the requirements, conditions and quality standards that the company is guided by in the production process.

A manufacturing company applies a set of input factors that form the technologyenterprises. For example, the owner of a confectionery shop uses the labor of hired bakers, raw materials in the form of flour, sugar, various additives, and capital - equipment, ovens, various equipment for the production of bread, pies and confectionery.

Modern technology is more progressive, and the company can make some adjustments to it in order to increase the volume of finished products with a set of standard production factors. So, the owner calculates what is more profitable: a labor-intensive manual production process or the use of capital-intensive equipment.

Modern production technologies play a key role in the efficiency of operations. For this reason, the world actively disseminates and exchanges cutting-edge know-how. Thus, economists have singled out information as a new special factor in modern production.

Information is the key to success

Information is a set of specific knowledge and information. All spheres of modern production largely depend on it. Information plays a crucial role, providing programmatic management of equipment, organization of the production process and its control, the ability to quickly make changes, the instant dissemination of progressive ideas and technologies, and the improvement of skills and knowledge of workers.

The importance of knowledge in all areas is growing every day. Economists singled out this trend as a separate process, which they called the information revolution. It was she who caused the transition of developed countries from the industrial type of society to the information one.

Types of modern production

The 21st century is characterized by a wide variety of industrial activities. The largest enterprises compete for the development of new market niches, creating previously unknown goods and services.

It is very difficult to list all types of production that exist today. But all of them, depending on the subject of activity, are combined into such groups:

1. Food production.
2. Construction.
3. Production of consumer goods.
4. Recycling.
5. Production of building materials.
6. Production of material base for enterprises.
7. Chemical production.

In each country, the development of these sectors of the economy may differ and depends mainly on the availability of the necessary raw materials and production capacities.

Organization of modern production

Organization of production processes is a combination of all processes and elements of production, ensuring their interaction, creating conditions for the implementation of the economic goals of the enterprise and the social needs of workers.

Due to the rapid technological development and the development of new activities, the very organization of production has changed significantly.

Thus, in the era of industrial society, industrial production was considered the main branch of the national economy. It was based on mass production, which went down in history as Fordism - on behalf of Henry Ford,who first used this method of organization in his car factory. The key components of mass production at that time were:

• rationalization - the alignment of each labor action into the simplest operations and the determination of such a sequence that would lead to the fastest production;
• Standardization of parts and processes - reducing the variety of operations to reduce time;
• continuous production pipeline - increasing the volume of manufactured products and reducing its cost.

Thus, mass production provided a large increase in labor productivity and significant savings in resources.

However, in the future, society faced the first problems of such an organization. Mass production of goods has oversaturated the market with the same type of products, and consumer demand has increasingly shifted towards exclusive products. This individualization of demand forced most industrial enterprises to change the way of production and start using multi-purpose equipment with program control, which is still used today.

The widespread introduction of such systems of flexible production is the main feature of the organization of modern production. Thanks to this, production volumes can still be large, but the product has a diverse assortment.

Problems of modern production

In modernIn a developing economy, manufacturing enterprises face important challenges:

1. Any kind of production requires constant technical modernization. In order for the activity to be effective and profitable, it is necessary to ensure the growth of production, increase competitiveness, and expand markets for goods. To implement these tasks, technological modernization should be applied.
2. Lack of financing and material and technical base. Under such conditions, enterprises do not have the opportunity to develop, introduce new technologies and innovations, and master the highest level of production.
3. Insufficiently developed research work in the field of enterprise activity. This problem negatively affects the state of the industry as a whole. Imperfect knowledge, lack of developments and modern research lead to a gradual decline in activity and a decrease in production growth rates.
4. Deterioration of social conditions at the enterprise, which leads to a sharp outflow of qualified personnel. The lack of specialists has a negative impact on the development of the industry.

These problems can be solved by investing in modern production technologies. To do this, you can use the internal capital of the enterprise or attract financing from outside.

Modern production and ecology

Production has a lot to do with nature. Modern industry uses natural resources in large volumes. As a result, nature is depleted, people's he alth is deteriorating, their conditionsexistence. This problem is so urgent that the governments of all countries have set themselves the task of keeping records of the environmental factor without fail.

This decision has made significant changes in the production of modern enterprises. They are forced to switch to waste-free and resource-saving technologies, use protective and cleaning devices, conduct scientific developments and research on environmental protection.