Crop area structure, yield and features

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 20:55

The main means of production in agriculture is, of course, land. It is she who is considered the main source of reproduction in the industry, necessary for the creation of raw materials and food. And of course, the land should be used as rationally as possible. Failure to comply with this rule is fraught with various kinds of losses and reduced profitability for farms. When analyzing the land background, first of all, such important factors as the timing of planting agricultural crops and the structure of sown areas are taken into account.

Definition

The timing of planting crops is determined primarily by their biological characteristics and the climate of a particular area. The structure of sown areas is nothing more than the percentage ratio of individual varieties of crops to their total number. The choice of specific crops and their distribution within the territory of an agricultural enterprise may depend on both the climatic features of the farming area,and from the specialization of the latter or the peculiarities of the structure of the livestock and food industries in the region.

The benefits of a scientific approach

The structure of the sown areas of farms is being developed in such a way as to ensure the highest yield of products from each hectare of land with the lowest labor costs and wear and tear of production means. Also, the correct choice of the ratio of agricultural crops grown on the farm can contribute to:

• preserving and improving the original structure and composition of the soil;
• increasing yields.

In farms, with all responsibility approached the development of the structure of crop areas, there is never a surplus of production. It is very quickly snapped up by livestock breeding complexes and food and light industry enterprises. That is, the grown crop does not rot and does not go to waste. Also, such enterprises are able to supply the market with the widest possible range of agricultural products.

Crop structure and crop yields

The defining indicator for any farm is, of course, the yield. It may depend on various factors. But one of the main conditions for the good development of plants is, of course, the correct crop rotation. In those farms where a lot of attention was paid to the development of the structure of sown areas, the best predecessors are always used for crops. As a result, plantsless likely to become infected with all sorts of bacterial and fungal diseases, and also less affected by pests. Indeed, in this case, there is no accumulation of spores, harmful microorganisms or insect eggs and larvae in the soil.

When using the right crop rotation, you can not only reduce the incidence of crops, and therefore increase their productivity, but also preserve the structure of the land itself as fully as possible. After all, different groups of plants “take out” different mineral s alts from the soil. By observing crop rotation and using fertilizers, in this way, it is possible to prevent the depletion of the land in any particular trace element.

Preserving the nutritional value of the soil and its structure, in turn, helps to increase yields and prevents any areas from falling out of the production process.

Features of the development of crop rotation methods

Thus, their correct alternation plays an important role in terms of increasing the yield of agricultural crops. When developing crop rotation methods, specialists should first of all:

• carefully explore the characteristics of each particular culture;
• take into account that several varieties of the same crop should not be used in the crop rotation - this is necessary to avoid mixing their qualities;
• try to optimize plant nutrition when using different types of fertilizers.

The chief agronomists are responsible for the development of crop rotations on farms. For a pre-assessmentthey usually represent at least 3 options for crop rotation schemes. For each of them, in the future, the actual analysis of the structure of sown areas is carried out. Then they evaluate which of the schemes will give the best results in the future. In this case, the following indicators are taken into account:

• gross production from the entire crop rotation area;
• labor costs for its production;
• monetary costs;
• conditional net income.

Classification of crop rotations

All crops grown by agricultural enterprises are divided into:

• field;
• feed;
• special.

It is on this basis, as well as depending on the influence of crops on the soil and the ratio of their groups, that crop rotations are classified. Farms can specialize in growing different agricultural plants. If, for example, more than half of the area of an agricultural enterprise is allocated for potatoes, grain and industrial crops, its crop rotation will be classified as a field one. If most of the land is occupied by fodder plants, it will be called fodder, respectively. Also distinguished:

• farm crop rotations;
• hay-pasture;
• special, used for crops requiring special growing conditions.

Of course, different types of crop rotations can be used withinone household.

Optimizing the structure of sown areas: possible directions

There are two ways to increase crop yields and reduce labor costs for growing them:

1. By replacing unprofitable crops with high-yielding ones. In this case, the farming system as a whole is usually hardly affected.
2. By deepening on-farm and inter-farm specialization. In this case, of course, the composition and combination of the branches of agriculture and animal husbandry will also change.

Choose a way to increase the profitability of production and determine the size and structure of the sown areas of the farm, usually based on the recommendations of experts who have conducted research on the most successful agricultural enterprises.

Efficient land use: crop distribution

Crop rotation on farms, therefore, must be observed. However, it is equally important and correct to distribute crops on the territory of the economy within one season. To choose specific agricultural plants and calculate the area of land allocated for them should be in accordance with:

• specialization of the economy;
• signed contracts and government orders.

Calculation of the structure of sown areas is, of course, subject to these two factors.

Sustainable land use

In different years, significant changes occur in the structure of the land fund of a particular farm. The proportion of some types of land may increase, while others may decrease. When developing a specific management scheme, of course, one should take into account, among other things, the return of the lands themselves. It is believed that arable land is the most efficient in terms of use. They are followed by artificially improved hayfields and pastures. Of course, natural meadows and pastures have the least return.

In order to increase profitability, when developing the structure of cultivated areas of agricultural crops, the enterprise should assess the share of each type of land in the total area of land belonging to it. At the same time, it is also necessary to develop a set of measures aimed at increasing the area of the most profitable arable land in terms of use. To do this, you can, for example, do the following:

• clear the fields from bushes and boulders;
• eliminate small contour areas;
• more rational distribution of buildings;
• plow extra internal roads.

Economic indicators

Choose for cultivation, of course, you need those crops that will be the most effective in terms of making a profit in the future. In this case, the calculations are carried out in the following sequence:

• determine the yield of products in value and natural terms per 1 ha of land, taking into account purchase prices;
• countingoperating costs;
• subtract these costs from the cost of production, thus determining the conditional income.

Climatic conditions

Among other things, the selection of crops should take into account the weather conditions of a particular area. When developing a scheme of sown areas, the following factors are taken into account, among other things:

• average annual rainfall;
• air temperature in summer and winter;
• average annual air humidity.

Instead of a conclusion

Profitability and profitability of any agricultural enterprise, thus, to a large extent depends on how correctly the structure of sown areas is developed and implemented. When choosing management schemes, maximum attention should be paid to the development of crop rotations, the choice of specific crops, the number of areas allocated for them, as well as the rational use of land. In this case, with minimal material and labor costs, the agricultural enterprise will be able to obtain maximum yields, avoid losses due to the lack of buyers and present its products on the market in a wide range.