Plant "Dynamo", Moscow: address, products, interesting facts

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Moscow plant "Dynamo" named after S. Kirov for a long time was the largest plant in Moscow. It has a glorious rich history associated with the production of Soviet electric locomotives. Specialized in the production of electric motors, electric generators and other electrical equipment. The plant actually ceased to exist. The owner of the plant OAO AEK Dynamo leases the premises of the enterprise.

Beginning of the plant's history

Dynamo has been leading its history since 1897. Then, on the basis of a joint-stock Belgian company, the Central Electric Company of the city of Moscow was formed. Here they began to assemble licensed electric generators, motors, electrical equipment for lifting mechanisms in small batches.

In 1913, the plant was transferred to the ownership of the Russian Electric Joint Stock Company Dynamo, a company registered in St. Petersburg. It was soon nationalized. After the revolutionary events of 1917, the plant remained instate property.

The beginning of the path of electric locomotive construction

In the twenties of the last century, the Suram section of the Transcaucasian railway began to be electrified. This was the beginning of the electrification of the railways of the entire Soviet Union. However, the USSR did not have factories capable of producing electric locomotives at that time - they were purchased abroad with the intention of setting up their own production.

To solve these problems, contracts were signed for the purchase of a batch of electric locomotives in the USA from General Electric and in Italy from Technomazine Brown Boveri. At the same time, the contractual relations specifically stipulated the transfer of all documentation for electric locomotives necessary for the construction of such machines in the USSR.

At the same time, only two electric locomotives from this batch were equipped with imported electric motors. The rest were to be supplied with those produced at the Dynamo Moscow plant.

The Locomotive Plant in Kolomna was supposed to supply the mechanical parts, while Dynamo was responsible for the electrical equipment. At the end of the twenties of the last century, these enterprises, according to GE documentation, began to prepare the production of new electric locomotives. In May 1932, the Dynamo plant produced the first engines, which were called DPE-340, designed to equip American cars.

The first Soviet electric locomotives

With the arrival of mechanical parts from Kolomna in August 1932, mass production begins. First locomotivesbegan to be denoted by the abbreviation SS "Surami type of Soviet production." But these electric locomotives turned out to be unsuitable for work on most of the railway tracks of the USSR. This was due to the fact that the load of new locomotives on the rails was excessively high, about 22 tf, while the existing ones could withstand no more than 20 tf.

As a result, there was a need for an electric locomotive capable of operating in the conditions of the Russian railways of that time. To solve this problem, in the spring of 1932, the Dynamo plant began to develop a locomotive, which was supposed to have 6 movable axles. In August of this year, he went into production. The first copy was rolled out of the factory gate on November 6, 1932. It became the first electric locomotive completely designed and produced in the USSR.

Production of the legendary VL series

The Dynamo workers proposed to designate the new series as VL (Vladimir Lenin). She became known as VL19. With this event, the USSR showed the whole world that it had acquired its own electric locomotive industry, and the Dynamo plant (Moscow) had become one of its main components.

Together with the Kolomna plant in the period from 1933 to 1934, the last 20 SS were manufactured. The enterprises switched to the production of VL19. From 1934 to 1935, 45 electric locomotives of this type were produced.

In 1935, the plant was named after Kirov. It became the Moscow Electric Machine Building Plant named after S. M. Kirov. At the same time, the design bureau of the plant was developing a new electric locomotive that could be powered by two types of voltage(1500 and 3000 Volts). This winter, the Dynamo plant is manufacturing the first experimental locomotive, which is called VL 19-41.

Flourishing period

Cooperation with the Kolomna plant did not stop. In 1938, they jointly carried out the design of an electric locomotive of the SS series, with its deep modernization. The body structure has been completely changed. Carts received new design solutions. At the Dynamo plant, circuit diagrams were designed for this series, as well as completely new and advanced electrical equipment. This locomotive went into mass production under the abbreviation VL22. In 1938, they were released 6 copies.

At the plant, work was carried out in parallel to create an electric locomotive called OP22. It was assumed that this would be the first locomotive in the USSR to operate on alternating current. The experimental machine appeared at the end of 1938. However, work on launching the series was stopped due to the start of the Great Patriotic War. The electric locomotive was dismantled, the electrical equipment was transferred for use for other purposes.

Before the start of the war, 33 electric locomotives of the VL22 series were built at the Dynamo plant. From the first days of the Second World War, the production of locomotives was stopped, the plant began to produce equipment for the front.

War years

Most of the enterprise at the end of 1941 will be relocated to the city of Miass in the Urals. At the beginning of 1942, the first production of military products, electric engines for the needs of aviation and tank building, began there. But alsothe remainder of the plant in Moscow continued to operate. In the period from 1941 to 1945, the Dynamo plant manufactured mortars and shells. Tanks were repaired in the workshops of the enterprise. More than 3,000 factory workers went to the front. For the feats committed on the battlefields, eight factory workers were awarded the high title of Heroes of the Soviet Union.

Post-war

After the end of the war, the enterprise begins to gradually recover and switch to the production of peaceful products. Its sites are being reorganized. They are being reconstructed, new workshops are being built. However, despite all the changes, its capacity was not enough to start the production of electric locomotives in large series. The railways of the USSR experienced a great shortage of electric locomotives due to massive electrification. To solve these problems, a large production facility was built in the city of Novocherkassk, Rostov Region, aimed at producing exclusively electric locomotives (modern NEVZ). In the summer of 1946, the last production of an electric locomotive, VL22-1804, took place at the Dynamo plant. It became the last mainline locomotive produced at Dynamo. The plant focused on the production of electrical equipment for electric vehicles.

Transition to new production, growth of labor productivity

In the fifties of the last century, the plant focuses its production on the production of traction-type electric motors for the subway, trams, trolleybuses and other vehicles on an electric drive, as well as for crane equipment. The main products of that period are in demand in the folkeconomy. First of all, these are electric motors of the D series, motors for floating drilling rigs, electric motors for shut-off systems in the chemical, oil, nuclear and gas industries.

Since the beginning of the 1970s, the plant's labor collective has put into practice personal plans to increase labor productivity. She received wide support at many factories in the USSR. This led to the fact that in the seventies production increased by more than 2 times compared to the previous decade. In 1971, the plant was awarded the Order of the October Revolution for special services to the country.

A period of reorganization, decline and devastation

In 1974, the Dynamo Moscow Plant became a structural part of the Dynamo Electric Machine-Building Association. After 15 years, in 1989, this association became the Dynamo Research and Production Association. In the 90s of the last century, during the privatization period, the enterprise became the joint-stock electrical company Dynamo.

In 2002, based on the decision of the Moscow Government, the territory of the plant and its production facilities began to be leased. The workshops of the plant have become separate independent production structures.

In 2008, any production at the Dynamo plant in Moscow was stopped. A decision was made to transfer work and capacities to other divisions of CJSC Dynamo-EDS. However, the complete removal of property, including crane equipment with its dismantling, was not carried out. Since 2010, the Moscow plant has been inabandoned state.

In this regard, it can be stated that the unique engineering speci alties, working dynasties, as well as the hundred-year-old traditional school are lost. A legendary plant with a glorious history is living its last days.

On the territory of the plant at st. Leninskaya Sloboda, 2 currently built two shopping malls - Roomer, "Oranzhpark". The nearest metro station is Avtozavodskaya.

Church at the plant

During the construction of the Dynamo plant, its territory included the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. According to historical chronicles, in this place in 1370 Fyodor Simonovsky founded a monastery. The place was then called Old Simon. A stone church was built on its territory between 1509 and 1510. In 1785-1787, other church and monastery buildings were also replaced with stone ones.

In the middle of the 19th century, the church was rebuilt again. Two chapels were created in the refectory: St. Nicholas and St. Sergius. In 1870, cast-iron tombstones dedicated to Alexander Peresvet and Andrei (Rodion) Oslyabi were installed in the Sergievsky side- altar.

The fact is that the burial place of the heroes of the Battle of Kulikovo was found on the church territory. The history of the life of Sergius of Radonezh reports that before the campaign against the Mongol-Tatars, Prince Dmitry visited him to receive a blessing. The saint, after blessing him for battle, sent two monks with his army, namely Peresvet and Oslyabi. Both of them came from well-known princely families and were well versed inweapons.

The history of the Battle of Kulikovo describes in detail the duel between Peresvet and Chelubey, a prominent warrior of the Tatar-Mongolian Horde. In this battle, the Russian monk died, as did the second sent with him - Oslyabi. Both were buried in Stary Simonovo, in the immediate vicinity of the wooden church of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos. Subsequently, they were canonized as saints.

In 1928 the church was closed, three years later the bell tower was demolished. Memorial gravestones were sent for scrap. After the Dynamo plant began to expand, the temple became part of its territory. Access to it was closed. The church building was used as a production facility. As a result, it began to deteriorate and collapse.

Despite the appeal to the authorities of the city of famous people, among whom was D. S. Likhachev, the plant handed over the church to the Historical Museum only in 1987. It was returned to believers in 1989. The re-consecration was carried out in autumn 2010. In 2006, the bell tower was restored, the bell "Peresvet" weighing 2200 kg was placed there. It was donated to the church from Bryansk, which was the birthplace of Peresvet and Oslyabi.

Currently, the church has been completely restored. It recreates wall paintings, an iconostasis, an old interior. Its address is the same as that of the plant: st. Leninskaya Sloboda, 2, in the immediate vicinity of the Avtozavodskaya metro station.

In the churchyard, you can still see the sad legacy of the past government. This is a broken bell, as well as fragments of gravestones, from which curbs were made. After being erected on the territory"Dynamo" of the business quarter "Simanovsky", as well as the demolition of some industrial buildings, access to the church became free.