2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
The Lena coal basin is the second coal basin after the Tunguska deposit in terms of area and volume of resources. Geographically, it is located in the Republic of Yakutia, and also, partially, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Due to its characteristics, the Lena coal basin is in the top 10 most promising coal basins in Russia. The history of coal mining in this area is quite scarce. The first data on coal in the territory of the modern basin appeared at the end of the 19th century, but study and exploration began only in 1927. The first mines appeared only in 1930.
Geographic location
The area of the basin, according to various estimates, ranges from 400 to 750 thousand km22. The Vilyui and Aldan rivers flow on its territory, and it is located between the mouths of the Khatanga and Lena rivers. Part of the coast of the Laptev Sea is also located within the basin. The climate throughout the territory is severe, permafrost prevails. This also turns out to be a negative factor that complicates the development of the field.
Pool coversnorthern and eastern parts of the Siberian platform. The main geological structural elements are the Cis-Verkhoyansk, Cis-Taimyr troughs, as well as the Vilyui syneclise.
Inventory characteristics
Balance coal reserves of the Lena coal basin at a depth of up to 600 meters amount to 1.8 billion tons. About a hundred layers are actively developed, the structure of which is very diverse. But the projected volume of resources that can be mined in the Lena coal basin is 847 billion tons. These are quite large reserves compared to other pools. According to its composition, these are brown and lean-caking coals. Hard coals are distributed mainly on the right bank of the Lena River. Most of them are brown, but occasionally semi-anthracites are found. At the moment, about 150 coal seams are known, 50 of which have a thickness of more than 1 meter. By itself, coal contains little ash and sulfur, which makes it a fairly high-quality fuel. Coke from this coal also has good characteristics. In terms of specific heat of combustion, the spread is quite large: from 27.9 to 33.5 MJ/kg.
Production
Extraction in the Lena coal basin is far from being carried out on the entire territory, but only in several deposits: Ust-Marskhinskoye, Kempendyaisky, Sogo-Khaisky, Kangalassky, Kildyamsky, Taimyrlyrsky, Chai-Tumussky, Ogoner-Yuryakhsky, Sangarsky, Dzhebariki - Khaisky, Chechumsky. Production at many of them is currently stopped for one reason or another.
Todayonly two mines (Dzhebariki-Khaiskaya and Sangarskaya) and three open-pit mines (Kangalassky, Kharbalakhsky, Kirovsky) are under development. The capacity of each mine is about 800 thousand tons per year, and cuts - 508 thousand tons per year. In total, the entire coal basin, according to 1984 data, supplied 1.6 million tons, and today production is 1.5 million tons of coal per year. It is also worth noting that there are several gas fields on the territory of the Lena coal basin, in particular, Tass-Tumysskoye.
Fire at Sangar mine
In 2000, an emergency happened at the Sangar mine. Due to internal causes, several seams of coal caught fire. Fortunately, no one was hurt, as the field has been closed for two years now. But all the same, it was a rather tangible loss for the entire coal basin, because the reserves of this mine amounted to about 20 million tons. After some time, a special enterprise was created to extinguish the fire, which fought it for five years, but to no avail. By 2005, the financing of this enterprise ceased, and the fight against the fire stopped. By 2016, the fire had not yet been extinguished. There is still no news about the state of the Sangar mine.
Coal demand
All coal production is currently in the hands of private mining companies: Yakutugol, Kamchatlestopprom, Koryakugol, Dalvostugol, Uralugol and some others.
Due to its geographic location, the coal mined here is quiteexpensive to transport to other regions of the country. Given that there is no local large-scale metallurgical and energy industry near the Lena coal basin, the demand for it is extremely small. This greatly hinders the development of production volumes of such a promising field. But in the future, the Lena coal basin is predicted to develop rapidly, due to its large reserves and the increase in the cost of development in other basins.
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