2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
A school teacher, having signed an employment contract drawn up in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, in most cases is obliged to familiarize himself with the provisions of his job description. Its structure is also formed on the basis of various legal acts. What are the specifics of job descriptions for teachers in modern Russian schools?
Specifics of the position of a teacher
The work of a teacher, as a rule, is associated with age specialization. That is, a school employee can have the highest level of professional training for teaching children in elementary grades or, conversely, graduation. At the same time, the job description of teachers, as a rule, does not depend too much on the age of the students. The competencies of a school worker remain generally the same regardless of subjects. The task of the teacher is to give knowledge.
Of course, in some aspects, job descriptions may vary depending on the specialization of the school. There are private educational institutions, and there are state and municipal ones. Job descriptiona commercial school teacher may include provisions that are not provided for by state authorities or even recommended by them, and therefore are not available in the relevant documents of state institutions.
Uniformity of instructions
So, the job description of a school employee is a document that generally maintains uniformity, regardless of the age specialization of the teacher or the subject he teaches. This can be verified by examining several standard samples of relevant documents.
This state of affairs is quite logical. As we noted above, the task of the teacher is to give knowledge, and this cannot be done in any special way for the Russian language or mathematics, except through the conduct of classes. The uniformity of job descriptions is also due to the common legal framework on the basis of which they are compiled.
In this sense, not only documents issued by educational institutions of the same status, in particular secondary schools, can be similar. The job description of a teacher-speech therapist of a preschool educational institution, due to the commonality of the legal framework of the relevant institutions and schools, may in its structure generally correspond to a similar document regulating the professional activities of employees of general educational organizations.
Legislative aspect
What laws must a teacher's job description comply with? First of all, this is the Order of the Ministry of He alth and Social Development No. 761n, which approved the provisions of the Unified Qualification Handbookpositions, namely in the part relating to the specifics of the labor functions of teachers. Other important legal acts are the Law “On Education”, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law “On the Basics of Labor Protection”. Local normative sources are also important - the Charter of an educational institution, the Collective Agreement or, for example, the Internal Regulations.
It can be noted that in the preambles that any job description of teachers contains, as a rule, the noted legal acts are indicated as fundamental in terms of the development of the document. Following the preamble are other structural parts of the job description. Consider their essence.
Job description structure: appointment and dismissal
The teacher's job description includes provisions regarding teacher recruitment and dismissal procedures. The wording here is usually unambiguous and reflects the fact that the employee is approved in his position or removed from it by the principal of the school. In accordance with the order of the head of the educational institution, the functions of the dismissed teacher may be temporarily assigned to other employees.
Education Requirements
The job description of a teacher at school, as a rule, includes provisions that reflect the requirements for the level of education of a specialist. At the same time, in many institutions it is accepted that the length of service of a teacher is more important than the fact that he has a diploma. However, there are schools where the presence ofteachers of higher education may exclude in relation to him the requirement for work experience. And this is written in the job description.
Knowledge Requirements
The next section of the document of this type reflects the requirements for the teacher's knowledge. New job descriptions for teachers typically include the following list.
Firstly, the relevant documents reflect the requirements for knowledge of various legal acts. Namely: the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Federal Law "On Education", possibly municipal laws. Among them should be noted labor legislation, various codes related to work - Civil, Family. This, of course, is also the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Secondly, these are the requirements for knowledge, reflecting competencies in certain disciplines. Here, the job description of a mathematics teacher may differ slightly in some wording from the document for a specialist in teaching children the Russian language. At the same time, for teachers of both profiles, the corresponding part of the instruction may contain the same requirements for knowledge in the field of pedagogy, child psychology, hygiene, and sociology. The job description of a teacher of the Russian language, mathematics, physics, geography, in any case, will contain requirements regarding the possession of methods of teaching the subject, teaching aids.
Thirdly, the criteria that characterize the teacher's tools are indicated. These may be requirements for knowledge of modern teaching technologies, approaches todevelopmental learning, methods of persuasion, establishing trusting contacts with students and their parents.
Guidelines
The job description may contain provisions of a guiding nature. Some of them may be close to the requirements we have discussed above. That is, for example, in some educational institutions, the instructions state that the teacher must be guided by such and such laws, regulations, and norms. In fact, such formulations coincide with those fixed in the section on qualification requirements. But in addition to them, the job description may contain guidelines regarding, for example, impartiality in communicating with students, respect for their rights, or their official or civic obligations.
Competencies
In a number of schools, job descriptions prescribe the competencies of teachers. In fact, they represent the same requirements, but adapted to specific areas of the educational process. Consider some examples of competencies that may be included in the relevant document. Note that they are typical for teachers of any profile, and therefore they can include both the job description of a primary school teacher, and one that is adapted to the activities of school employees specializing in teaching older children.
Professional competence
First of all, professional competence is important for a teacher. She assumes that the teacherhas the skills to effectively solve problems in the field of pedagogical education, knows how to use his life and experience gained during training. Professional competence also implies the possession of the necessary technologies that are involved in the educational process - computer, psychological, sociological. Also in this area of skills is an interest in specialized literature and the improvement of pedagogical qualifications.
Communicative competence
Communicative competence is very important. She assumes that the teacher can easily find a common language with the children. Such provisions are often contained in the job description of a speech therapist teacher, since he needs the appropriate skill to communicate with students who may have difficulty with pronunciation.
The considered type of competence is important for the teacher in terms of correctly conveying the required information to the child in a form that is understandable to him. And this applies to both classes held in the classroom and individual lessons, which can also be included in training programs.
In many modern schools, teachers' job descriptions include provisions regarding informational competence. This refers to the availability of knowledge and skills that help to quickly find the data required for organizing an effective educational process - on the Internet, in legal reference systems, in libraries.
Legal competence
The legal competence of a teacher is extremely important. It implies not only knowledge, relatively speaking, of the content of laws relating to work, but also a correct interpretation of their essence, possession of general principles that reflect the law enforcement practice of the relevant legal acts. This competence is among those that do not depend on the specialization of the employee in the school, they may include the job description of a primary school teacher or a teacher teaching older children.
Teacher functions
The most important section of the type of document under consideration is the functions of a school employee. Among the basic ones that are contained in the job descriptions of many educational institutions, the following can be noted: teaching and educating children, taking into account their individual psychological, physiological characteristics and characteristics of the subject, organizing the educational process in lessons and classes outside the school schedule, promoting socialization and improving the culture of children, as well as compliance with the necessary safety rules in the classroom.
Job Responsibilities
Perhaps this is one of the key sections of the job description. The relevant type of teacher duties may include:
- compliance with the necessary qualifications, passing timely certification in order to confirm them;
- Guarantees of following the school charter and internal regulations, compliance with the terms of the employment contract, fulfilling one's own duties, orders of the head, compliance with discipline criteria;
- passageregular medical examination confirming fitness for professional activity for he alth reasons;
- respect for the rights and freedoms of students, their parents, their colleagues, respect for their legitimate interests.
In many schools (in state and municipal - this is almost always mandatory) the job description of a teacher according to the Federal State Educational Standard (according to the Federal State Educational Standard) is adopted. In this case, the teacher's range of duties may include provisions related to ensuring the compliance of the educational process with the norms of the Federal State Educational Standard.
The structure of the teacher's duties may contain items reflecting the need to conduct tests, adjust curricula based on the results of their conduct, as well as approve appropriate programs aimed at improving the performance of children.
Teacher's rights
The job description of a teacher, as a rule, fixes the rights of an employee of an educational institution. Which of them can be called basic?
First of all, it is the right to participate in the management of the school through discussions in the composition of the Teachers' Council. This is the right to protection of professional honor, personal dignity. Depending on the specifics of the school, the corresponding list can be very wide. So, many educational institutions fix the rights of a teacher in their job descriptions:
- the freedom to choose teaching methods, specific textbooks and other materials that are best, in your opinionschool worker, fit to implement the program;
- to get acquainted with the experience of other teachers by attending their lessons - in accordance with the agreement or recommendations of the principal;
- to improve professional competence, for voluntary certification, the result of which may be a higher qualification category;
- for social guarantees - such as, for example, extended leave, pensions for long service and other benefits provided for by the laws of the Russian Federation.
This is the structure of a typical job description for a Russian school teacher. It can be noted that the education sector in the Russian Federation remains among the most dynamic, including in terms of regulatory legislation. It is possible that over time, the requirements for compiling job descriptions for school employees will be different. But so far they are organized quite logically and generally reflect the specifics of the modern educational process.
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