Oversized heavy cargo. Transportation of oversized cargo

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Transportation of heavy cargo in the modern economy is extremely in demand, since it requires the transportation of various construction, agricultural, military and other equipment that has non-standard dimensions. The specificity of this activity lies in the use of special rolling stock, compliance with the rules of transportation for such categories and taking into account the characteristics of the cargo. It is important that the whole process is organized in such a way that the fixtures are delivered in a form suitable for work immediately after unloading.

Oversized heavy cargo: general definition

Non-standard cargo includes massive and bulky objects that, due to the peculiarities of technical indicators or specific nuances, cannot be transported in a closed vehicle or container, as well as in other usual ways.

The main criteria for determining the class of cargo are its height, width and length. The category of oversized heavy cargo includes objects that exceed 20 meters in length, 2.5 meters in width, and 4.0 meters in height. This list includes yachts, monuments, equipment and other goods that cannot be transported by standard methods.

Classification

Non-standard cargo includes various objects that differ in shape and size. Since there are many oversized modifications, they are divided, in turn, into several types:

• Heavy cargo - this definition applies to objects that, when placed in a vehicle, exceed the critical value of at least one of the indicators for the permissible maximum mass of the rolling stock or axle loads specified in the technical documentation.
• Large-sized objects are goods that exceed the permitted dimensions and tolerances specified in the documents. Limit dimensions are determined after loading.
• Long cargo is an object that, after being immersed in a vehicle, extends beyond the tailgate by more than 2000 mm.

Oversized and heavy loads transported by road, taking into account the size of the vehicle, can be classified in this vein if they exceed the following parameters:

• Height - over 4 meters.
• In length - more than 20 m.
• Width over 2.55 m.
• I will weigh the load with a tractor - more than 38 tons.

It is worth noting that the transportation of heavy goods by road is easier, the smaller the deviation of the dimensions of the object from the standard positions.

Features

Measurement of all parameters of the transported cargo is made taking into account the dimensions of the vehicle. Also, a special permit is required for the transportation of heavy cargo. Atwhen performing maneuvers, the current legal norms must be observed, in particular, the procedure for placing and fixing transported objects.

All manipulations are carried out with the execution of the relevant accompanying documents and the availability of permits for the transportation of "oversized". Since the organization and implementation of such activities is one of the most complex transportation operations, we will consider the nuances and implementation of such projects.

Preparation

Transportation of heavy goods by road requires careful preparation. At this stage, there are a number of mandatory factors to consider:

• Real opportunities for logistics and transport companies.
• Technical equipment of existing vehicles, as well as lifting mechanisms.
• Equipment of roads and routes intended for use, taking into account passages under bridges, power lines and other objects of the national economy.

Transportation of oversized and heavy cargo has a lot of specific differences and nuances. Therefore, before the implementation of the project, it is necessary to ensure not only the reliable securing of the cargo and measure its parameters, but also ensure the reliability and safety of transportation.

Safety measures

To ensure all the necessary conditions for the transportation of non-standard cargo, the following activities are carried out:

• Organize the loading and unloading of mechanisms and products, includingtransshipment procedures.
• Reinforcing bridges and road surfaces.
• Reconstruct partially or completely engineering communications (bridges, power lines, communication lines, etc.).
• Construct additional bypass and access routes.
• Perform upgrading or creating new vehicles.
• Take into account the presence of gas pipelines, water systems and other pipelines along the route.

Transportation of oversized and heavy cargo

Transportation of the objects in question is a laborious, complex and lengthy process. It is divided into several stages:

• Choosing a competent logistics or shipping company.
• Development of the optimal route.
• Mandatory execution of necessary permits.
• Organization of cargo escort.

You can choose a special transport and the right route for the transportation of heavy goods by road with the help of companies that specialize in such services. They will also be responsible for ensuring that all necessary documentation is properly completed.

According to the rules of delivery, the transported goods must be issued according to certain rules:

• Have a bill of lading.
• When transporting goods, there must be an extract from the invoice.
• Certificates of Manufacture required for imported goods.
• Providing all required licenses and permissions.
• Issuing an insurance policyif necessary.

Choice of route

Oversized and heavy loads are transported by road, taking into account the dimensions, weight and configuration of the object being processed. It is not so easy to choose the optimal route for cargo that combines excess weight and size at the same time.

The main task when choosing a route is to ensure the safety and efficiency of transporting the product. When organizing the transportation of non-standard cargo, special attention is paid to ensuring the normal and safe passage of other road users, as well as minimal damage to the road surface.

Cargoes are transported along common routes and roads, taking into account the average cross-country ability and quality of the site coverage. In addition, the steepness of the slopes, the quality of the asph alt, the width of the carriageway, the presence of embankments and railway crossings should be taken into account.

What to pay special attention to?

The development of the route takes place mainly taking into account the transportation of heavy cargo in compliance with the minimum delivery time. The project for the transportation of such cargoes includes taking into account the removal of settlements and various communications, including railway bridges and pedestrian crossings.

In addition, weather conditions, time of day and the possibility of bypassing settlements are taken into account. As practice shows, the main movement should be carried out at the maximumunloaded roads (at night). Additional escort may also be required when transporting construction equipment or other oversized cargo. Initially, the route and features of movement are agreed with the police.

Route planning

When developing a route for the transportation of heavy cargo, the following parameters are guided by:

• The main technical indicators of the equipment.
• Specific features of cargo, taking into account their transportation.
• Compilation of the route, indicating the organizations and persons responsible for transportation.
• Step-by-step schedule of all operations.
• Responsibility of organizational parties.

The carrier and the customer provide information to the relevant representative offices of road organizations. This is necessary to determine the suitability of the route of related objects for the transportation of a particular cargo. In this operation, high-voltage wires, utility and technical structures may interfere with the passage. All this must be taken into account when developing a route, since the slightest mistake can lead to emergencies and other problems.

After the route is agreed, the following documents are issued:

• Destination of cargo transportation.
• Address for unloading and sorting.
• The exact weight and dimensions of the processed objects.
• Separation of goods according to specification into dangerous, bulk, piece or bulkcategories.
• Drawings of landing and the load itself.

Other nuances are discussed during the formation of documentation and accompanying regulations.