Cargo securing: placement features and rules for safe transportation

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Reliable placement and securing of cargo will allow it to be delivered to the place in proper condition. All materials, depending on the dimensions, are fixed on the platforms of vehicles according to certain rules in accordance with the code of cargo transportation. In what order to secure the cargo and ensure safe conditions for it, approved in the Ministerial Order No. 7 of the transport industry in January 2014. The rules went through revision, adjustments, amendments and changes in March 2018.

What rules should you not break?

Proper securing of cargo, its safe loading, unloading are mandatory actions for all participants:

• senders;
• recipients;
• carriers.

When cargo carriers comply with the established procedure in accordance with the developed conditions and requirements, they protect luggage from damage and damage and prevent accidents on the road. If the fastening of the load is not reliable, the structure may fall apart on the way, fall under the wheels of the transport following the road train. Carrieraccording to requests received from customers, the nature and volume of products, it distributes machines among them by type and quantity.

He is responsible for:

• timely provision of the vehicle;
• supply of serviceable transport;
• loading into a suitable vehicle for transporting specific items;
• compliance with contractual compliance and sanitary standards.

The sender may withdraw from the contract if all of its conditions are not met.

In advance, participants develop a scheme for the implementation of all work, where rights and obligations are distributed:

• control measures regarding the timely arrival of vehicles for loading;
• product placement regulations;
• inventory items;
• use of free cars;
• fixing the departure and arrival of transport.

Stakeholders in the flawless delivery of the goods agree in advance: who will check the loading, securing the cargo in the body.

How does verification work?

For their own peace of mind, customers check the rolling stock along with trailers, different types of bodies for their suitability. During this period, it becomes possible to timely refuse a particular car if violations and threats of damage to the quality of transported products are detected.

Cars for loading or unloading can be delivered with the arrangement:

• side - work is done through the side boards;
• end - loaded and unloaded through the rearboard;
• oblique - actions are carried out immediately in 2 ways.

After full verification of the serviceability of the mechanisms, as well as their purpose for the transportation of a particular cargo, the rolling stock is sent to the loading point.

Strict division of responsibilities

Customer must fulfill:

• loading their goods;
• technical conditions for cargo securing;
• cover and tie items;
• unload goods;
• remove mounts, covers.

Loading and unloading operations are carried out as agreed by the parties to the contract. It is not necessary that they be carried out directly by the sender of the luggage.

Drivers are recruited by consent, they can take part in easy procedures - to take or submit a box on board. Who is engaged in loading and unloading, he is responsible for the safety of products at this moment. The area where the works are carried out should be in good condition, and there should be no problems with access roads. Trucking participants agree in advance on additional equipment on trucks so that specific materials can be transported, a cable and chain can be used to secure the load.

If products are loaded in bulk, they cannot be lifted over the sides, if necessary, they are increased in height not exceeding 4 m from the road. Products are placed and fastened so that there are no falls and drags, this excludes injuries to persons performing escort.

What are the reliability requirements?

Before you startsecuring cargo during transportation, it must be properly positioned so that it cannot move along the way. Free places are filled with a gasket, an inflatable container. In bodies and containers, a 15 cm gap is allowed between the walls of objects, the side surface and the doors. The rules described by order No. 7 allow you to use for securing goods in a car:

• belt;
• wood block;
• rope;
• emphasis;
• slip mat.

Do not nail boxes, staple boxes, use methods that will damage the surface of the car or the product being transported. The fastener is positioned as close as possible to the body floor surface and the angle between the parts does not exceed 60 degrees. Stability is enhanced by the use of more paired belts with longitudinal and transverse braces.

Features

Responsible persons for the dispatch, loading and securing of goods in the back of a car take into account:

• weight and overall parameters of transport and fixed goods;
• acceptability of the vehicle in terms of traffic weight and axle loads, approved in government Decree No. 272 in 2011.

Heavy and large goods are placed from below, taking into account the longitudinal axis of symmetry. In semi-trailers, start loading from the front and unload from the back to prevent tipping over.

Nuances of choosing a method

Depending on categorytransported devices, the structural assembly of the elements take into account their shape, to apply the fastening method. If a low coefficient of friction with the load and surfaces of vehicles is determined, it is possible to use a cable and chain to secure the load. Friction mat, top belt, support block will improve friction. The manufacturer puts a workload limit on the elements with special indicators.

Calculation is carried out according to the lowest indicator in belts, fastening rings - the weakest part. The maximum limit is taken at the rate of 50% by weight of the material. For better stability, more fasteners are used.

Main methods

It is possible to fix and securely fix the transported equipment, devices, machines in different ways. In intermodal containers apply:

1. Rigid screed with wooden and metal posts to prevent items from moving when the machine is moving, it is possible to place the product in a plastic mold.
2. Fixing elements, when only wooden posts are fastened with bolts and nails.
3. Packaging material in the form of sawdust, they fill voids or strips to form a supporting structure, as well as modern mechanical systems for isolating products, preventing displacement during the movement of the vehicle.
4. Tie to create a one-piece load ready for transport. For this, packing tape of steel, polypropylene, nylon, paper and composite materials is suitable. Ribbons fastencastle or any other convenient way.
5. Tethering to reduce mobility. They take chains for securing cargo, rope, cable, belt, net.
6. Pneumatic casing for the same type of product - food, household, electrical. Such a mount can combine different combinations. The method is applicable to transportation by sea, rail, road.

A tie with a belt and a chain for securing cargo is performed for large-sized heavy structures.

Requirements for fasteners

When choosing a fastening system, consider:

• size;
• shape;
• strength;
• characteristics of the products carried.

Fixation sites include surfaces:

• gender;
• walls;
• roofs.

The attachment points become:

• partition;
• stand;
• support.

Structural elements must be strong to withstand forces:

• front;
• rear;
• side;
• top.

Fixing accessories include:

• synthetic fabric tape;
• cable for cargo securing;
• hemp rope;
• synthetic rope;
• block;
• profile;
• mechanical grip;
• winch.

If the fastener is in contact with the transported products, so that there is no damage, sharp corners are isolated with special clips and clamps. When to usewood in blocks and beams, choose hardwoods, dried according to the standards. Must be absent in wood products:

• rot;
• decay;
• knots;
• cracks.

Only the correct calculation of the required number of fasteners will allow you to safely transport the goods from one point to another.

Requirements for chain tie-down systems

The chain tie fixes the goods on the transport platforms as a set of fastening chains and tie-down mechanisms.

Included in the system:

• ratchet lanyards;
• ratchets;
• tension levers.

Details differ:

• destination;
• quality;
• manufacturing sites;
• load capacity.

Each element for the chain complex is selected according to specific components.

Which area is used?

A wide range of marketable products are transported in the chain tie system:

• large devices;
• oversized items;
• technology, special equipment.

Using transport:

• railroad;
• automobile;
• aviation;
• marine.

Fixing set is selected in accordance with the purpose. Take into account the type, chain diameter, load limit for each specific type of part.

In what order are the kit completed?

Chain tie kit is molded according torules:

• weigh the product to be secured, the product must weigh less than or equal to the workload that the chains can support;
• develop a fastening scheme - production order, number of links, length;
• total weight divided by the sum of sets, the result shows the minimum workload for the system.

Standard chains are available in lengths up to 5 m. Any acceptable parameters can be ordered from the manufacturer. The performers of fixing goods for transportation develop schemes, exercise control over the correct implementation of the procedure.

Consequences of transport carelessness

Fixing products transported in any brand of vehicle should not be taken lightly. A frivolous attitude to this issue can bring not only financial problems, but physical troubles. Often accidents occur from a brick that has broken through the board, an avalanche of rubble that has poured onto the track. Poorly fixed devices, appliances, equipment may become unusable, for which the insurance company will refuse to pay losses, as studies will show incorrect fastenings.

The stability of the machine may be compromised by the load. The driver does not have the ability to safely operate the mechanism if everything in the body moves randomly. Statistical figures indicate the most frequent accidents involving freight transport, the cause of which is poorly packed and unfastened production products during transportation.

Water transportation

To ensure that marketable products are preserved, delivered to the place ingood condition, general cargo is distributed based on properties:

• forms;
• sizes;
• weight;
• view.

Under the general should be understood the goods in special packaging or without it. By sea or navigable rivers can transport:

• technical devices;
• equipment;
• building materials;
• piece products;
• wooden structures, boards, logs.

Depending on the destination, the cargo goes through preparation:

• placed and firmly fixed on a barge, floating vessel;
• draw up insurance, customs documents;
• forward to the address point.

Marine regulations say that the goods must be standard:

• packaged;
• marked;
• with control tape and seals.

Products must not smell, leak. Upon acceptance, the accountant describes all the characteristic properties of the product. Such actions protect the cargo:

• from offsets;
• explosions;
• fires;
• floodings.

Transportation is subject to:

• humidity standards;
• temperature;
• ventilation.

Place materials, dividing by compatibility, groups:

• aggressive;
• neutral;
• affected by the environment.

On ships and barges, a whole staff of employees is responsible for the delivery of goods. They accept and return containers according to the documents, which indicate the occupied places and characteristicproduct features. Fixation of packages, placement of containers after they get on the ship's platform, is handled by its personnel. From now on, they are responsible for the safety of materials.