Fishing industry. Fishing fleet. Fish processing enterprises. Federal Law "On Fishing and Conservation of Aquatic Biological Resources"

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Fish is an essential component of the human diet. This product is rich not only in proteins, but also in fats, as well as various minerals and vitamins useful for the body. The fishing industry in our time, despite the existing difficulties, continues to develop. Today, both small and medium-sized or large businesses operate in this area.

Where fish are caught and processed in Russia

There are eight main regions of such specialization in our country:

• Western.
• Azov-Black Sea.
• Volga-Caspian.
• North.
• Baikal.
• Far East.
• West Siberian.
• East Siberian.

Most of all aquatic biological resources in Russia are mined in the Far East. The enterprises of this particular region are considered the basis of the country's fishing industry. The Far East accounts for about 60% of all products of this variety supplied to the market. EnterprisesThe Western Basin is ahead of this region mainly only in the production of canned food. They account for the production of about 57% of such products. The enterprises of the Northern Basin are leading in the production of feed fish and bone meal supplied to fur farms.

Fishing industry statistics

In 2016, Russia produced 4.7 million tons of various kinds of aquatic biological resources. This figure is 248 thousand tons higher than the previous year. At the same time, the catch in the Far East increased by 8%, amounting to 3.5 million tons. In the Northern Basin, this figure increased by 1.4%. In this region, 567 thousand tons of aquatic biological resources were caught. In the Azov-Black Sea and Western basins, the increase in indicators was 5.6%. The enterprises of the region processed and put on the market 103 thousand tons of bioresources. In the Western basin, the catch increased by 12%, while in the Volga-Caspian, unfortunately, it decreased by 2.4%. In these regions, 34 and 68 thousand tons of bioresources were caught during the year.

Main Tasks

By economic purpose, this branch of the national economy belongs to group "B" (consumables). However, some Russian fish industry enterprises are included in group A (means of production). In any case, the main tasks of the industry are:

• catch and fish processing;
• regulation of fishing intensity;
• reproduction of aquatic biological resources;
• commercial fish farming;
• protection of aquatic biological resources.

Which businesses are included

The fishing industry in general is of decisive importance in ensuring the socio-economic development of Russia. This sphere of management in our country, as in any other, is a complex interconnected production complex. Included in the fishing industry, for example:

• fishing fleet;
• port and repair bases;
• enterprises specializing in fish farming;
• fish processing enterprises;
• network knitting plants;
• warehouses;
• Research Institute of Fisheries, etc.

Companies producing fishing boats are not included in this industry. Such enterprises are part of the country's shipbuilding complex.

Fleet: problems and solutions

Of course, most of all fish supplied to the domestic market is caught in the seas, oceans, lakes, ponds and rivers. Only a small proportion of such products is grown artificially in reservoirs. According to statistics, the actual catch of fish in Russia at the moment is carried out mainly by small and small vessels. This is to a large extent a problem of the modern domestic fishing industry. After all, such vessels cannot fish in remote oceanic zones. This problem arose, unfortunately, a very long time ago - back in the days of the collapse of the USSR. The fact is that most of the production facilities of large vessels then remained abroad. In the USSR, such enterprises were built mainly on the territoryUkraine and Lithuania.

However, the problem of the fishing fleet in terms of equipment with large vessels in Russia is likely to be resolved in the near future. The project “Development of Civil Marine Engineering” (2009-2016) has already been fully implemented in the country. By 2017, 13 shipyards are operating in Russia. And many of them are quite capable of building capital ships.

Engaged in the development of projects of similar boats, including some Russian research institutes. The basis for the replenishment of the fishing fleet in Russia in the near future can serve as developed by their specialists:

• Big freezer trawler 11480.
• Medium trawler-seiner 13728.

Also, domestic scientists recently presented several projects of new modern small fishing vessels.

Processing plants

Production capacities of this sphere of the national economy are available in all regions of Russia. The only thing is that in areas directly adjacent to the seas, oceans and large rivers, of course, there are more of them. Fish processing enterprises can be engaged in the production of canned food, semi-finished fish products, drying, smoking of aquatic biological resources, their preliminary processing and freezing, etc.

Enterprises of this specialization can be located not only on land. Often processing is carried out directly on fishing vessels. For example, in Russia there is a whole floating base of this specialization - Vsevolod Sibirtsev. She represents herselfa huge fishery complex on the water. Of course, this manufacturer supplies the market with the freshest and most delicious canned food. In terms of overall dimensions, this floating fish factory is comparable to a 12-storey building. The owner of the base "Vsevolod Sibirtsev" at the moment is the company "Yuzhmorrybflot".

Until recently, the country's fish processing industry experienced significant difficulties. Most of all extracted aquatic biological resources were supplied to foreign enterprises. However, in the last 5-7 years, the situation in this regard in Russia has begun to stabilize. Today, the main goal of the fish processing industry is to expand production in order to replace imported products in the domestic market.

Largest enterprises

Currently, about 700 medium, small and large fish processing plants operate in Russia. And this, of course, is far from the limit. Presumably by 2023, several more large plants of this specialization will appear in the country. This was stated by a representative of the Federal Agency for Fishery at the 6th conference of the 10th WorldFood 2016 forum.

Today, for example, such large fish processing plants and companies operate in the country as:

• Rybprom (Rostov Region).
• "TD Altayryba+" (Altai).
• Kerchrybkholod (Crimea).
• Russian Fish World (Moscow).
• Sakhalin Fish Company.
• Krasnoselsky plant, etc.

Fish farming enterprises

Industrialfish farming, like the fleet, is developing in Russia in our time and is actually a promising industry. The share of companies of this specialization in the country accounts for a rather significant part of all bioresources sold. The enterprises of this specialization are mainly engaged in the cultivation of whitefish and carp species of fish. Like most other enterprises in the industry, although fish farms are currently experiencing some difficulties, they are still developing quite intensively. This was stimulated, among other things, by the sanctions imposed by the European Union against Russia.

As part of the implementation of the import substitution program, the state began to support enterprises specializing in the cultivation of fish, much more actively. For example, Russia canceled customs duties on certain types of equipment, feed, planting material, etc. Also, the country assigned priority rights to the use of fish farming sites to those enterprises that comply with state conditions and standards. In addition, at present, companies in this specialization are often provided with various kinds of subsidies and taxes are reduced or completely abolished.

Catch Law

Of course, fish production in our country is carried out taking into account the need to replenish its stocks in a timely manner and protect the environment. All these issues are regulated by the Law "On Fishing and Conservation of Aquatic Biological Resources". This document was adopted on November 26, 2004. The latest changes so far have been made to2016.

According to this law, for example, fishing in Russian waters cannot be carried out by legal entities controlled by foreign investors. According to this document, fishing itself in our country is classified into industrial, amateur, coastal, etc.

Of course, not only legal entities, but also individuals must comply with the law "On Fishing and Conservation of Aquatic Biological Resources" when fishing in Russia. For violation of the provisions of this document, both administrative and criminal pen alties are provided.

Actually, according to the law, anyone can fish for personal consumption in the waters of the country, and absolutely free of charge. The only thing is that the extraction of bioresources in this case should be carried out by permitted means. The use of nets, for example, for fishing in ponds, rivers and lakes is prohibited in the country. The law separates the rules and regulations for ordinary fishermen and members of the respective societies. The latter are given more rights. The permitted daily catch of fish for personal consumption, for example, for an ordinary fisherman is 3 kg, for a member of the society - 5 kg.