What is an individual investment account? How to open an individual investment account?

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Since 2015, a new system of investments has begun to operate in Russia, the profits on which are completely exempt from taxation. Brokers did not stand aside and are ready to offer their clients additional conditions for deposits in an individual investment account. What it is, you will learn from this article.

Definition

An individual investment account (IIA) can be opened by any individual, resident of the Russian Federation in a brokerage company. The owner contributes funds to it, which he can use to make transactions himself, or transfer them to trust management. There is a special taxation regime for such accounts. Features:

1. A resident can open only one individual investment account.

2. The maximum investment amount is 400,000 rubles/year.

3. Time limits: 3-5 years.

4. The individual investment account can be replenished, partial withdrawals are not provided.

5. If the contract is terminated ahead of schedule (before the expiration of 36 months), then the client loses all tax benefits.

6. Funds can be invested in the Central Bank,futures.

7. Accounts can be transferred between brokers.

Tax options

There are two schemes for obtaining benefits for IIS:

1. The tax base is reduced by the amount that was deposited into the account for the year. This option may be of interest to people who receive the main income in the form of wages. Compensation occurs at the end of the year in the form of a deduction, after the submission of the 3-NDFL declaration.

Example. The taxable income of an employee is 500 thousand rubles. Personal income tax in the amount of 65 thousand rubles will be paid from it. (13 %). If during these 12 months a person contributes the same amount to the IIS, then the taxable base will be recalculated for him, returning personal income tax. This option will work even if the investment brought a small (up to 13%) loss in a year. This scheme is not available to individual entrepreneurs on a simplified taxation scheme, pensioners and the unemployed.

The deduction algorithm is similar to the one used, for example, when buying an apartment. The man bought a home. From next year, he begins to collect documents for a tax deduction, which is calculated on the basis of the salary indicated in the 2-NDFL certificate. Only the amount of tax paid in the same reporting period when the apartment was purchased is subject to refund.

A similar scheme works with IIS. Only a certificate needs to be provided to the broker. The tax authorities will recalculate the person's salary for the previous year. If it does not exceed 400,000 rubles, then 13% will be returned fromtotal income (i.e. 52 thousand rubles). To confirm these transactions, you will need to provide a certificate from the place of work, which clearly indicates the amount of tax paid for the previous reporting period. So for customers who receive "unofficial", such a scheme is not beneficial.

2. Full exemption from paying taxes on income from IIS. This option is suitable for active investors.

Example. A private entrepreneur decided to invest 400,000 rubles in a brokerage company. The yield is 30% of the invested amount. For 3 years he will receive 360 thousand rubles. From this amount, he will have to pay personal income tax (13%) in the amount of 46,800 rubles. If it were IIS, then the investor would not pay money to the budget. All 360 thousand rubles. would have been his net profit.

The scheme of work is quite simple: open an individual BCS investment account → invest funds → start their turnover → get profit in 36 months, excluding personal income tax.

Example. During 2015-2017, the client deposited amounts of 400 thousand rubles each into IIS. And then he sold and bought the Central Bank with the same money. After three years, the balance was 200,000 rubles, and the profit was 800,000. After 36 months, the client decided to close the individual investment account. Since the second taxation scheme was chosen, the state will exempt him from paying personal income tax in the amount of 800 x 0.13=104 thousand rubles. To receive a benefit, you need to provide a broker with a certificate that there were no deductions of the first type for the previous 36 months.

The client can independently choose the schemebefore the investment, but they cannot be combined during the term. For people who have no idea about the work of the exchange, IIS is an improved investment option. An affordable amount, there is no need to develop well in the market, the opportunity to receive income that exceeds bank deposits, tax incentives - all these factors make this instrument quite attractive to the population. For speculators, an individual investment account is an additional opportunity to optimize their investment portfolio.

Flaws

They are no less than advantages:

1. An individual investment account is a risky investment option that is not covered by government guarantees.

2. Such a tool is desirable to use during periods of economic growth.

3. Limit of 400,000 rubles. makes IIS not very attractive for large investors.

4. It is not possible to immediately select the "right" tax credits.

5. Yield is a predictable value that can change from year to year. The company, even if it receives a large profit, will declare only a small part of it. It is impossible to track the "fairness" of the calculations.

The main disadvantage of such a scheme is the risk. In three years, the Central Bank can both rise and fall in price. Therefore, sometimes it is better to refuse investments in an individual investment account. Although the Law of the Russian Federation "On the RZB" regulates the attitude of participants in the market, but a clear scheme for resolving disagreements onoperations with a new tool is not registered in it.

Individual investment account 2015: how to open

You need to contact a brokerage company that is a professional participant in the stock market. The form of ownership must be JSC or LLC. Most often it is AMC at large banks. IIS is used to separate assets placed on the stock market. This scheme is a bit like an IRA. But if the latter provides for the possibility of withdrawing funds only upon reaching the pension return, then in IIS the time is limited to 36 months. The obligation to withhold taxes is imposed on the broker. Income from such operations is calculated separately. That is, it is impossible to re-register a current account with a broker for IIS.

Benefits

In an unstable economic situation, it is difficult to find a profitable investment option for temporarily free funds. Adjusted for inflation, income from bank deposits is reduced to zero. The emergence of IIS can improve the situation.

This tool may be of interest to clients who want to have more income than commercial banks can provide. By investing an amount not exceeding 400 thousand rubles, a person can receive a profit (up to 13%) or a return of personal income tax, even if no transactions were made on the exchange. But the return will be only if the money was in circulation. Employees of any AMC will recommend promotions and strategies for financing. Whichever IIS option is chosen, the investor can trade securities derivatives to increase his income.

Those who want to manage their finances on their own can open individual investment accounts in 2014 and use the demo simulator to learn how to trade stocks, study the platform, and monitor course changes. And when you gain enough experience and the amount to invest, you can move on to real deals.

What is the benefit of the state

Skeptics will probably object that the government will not just donate 52 thousand rubles. in year. We can say that this is the payment of the state for improving the financial literacy of the population. In Russia, many people are still prejudiced against the stock market. Confusing it with "Forex", they invest in the purchase of real estate and deposits. This greatly hinders economic growth. Perhaps this is how the government plans to push its development.

Which option is better to choose

The first thing you should pay attention to is the availability of sources of income that are subject to personal income tax. If there are none, then it is better to invest according to the second scheme. Next, it is worth calculating the planned income minus tax deductions. Brokers offer additional profit schemes:

1. "Finam" is charged monthly additional 8% per annum on the balance of funds.

2. BCS offers one of three investment strategies with an expected return of 10-25%. But such investments will pay off not earlier than in 7-13 years.

Statistics show that IIS is more profitable for people with a monthly income exceeding 35-40 thousand rubles. members of the middle classmore financially literate, have an active life position. Long-term investment is just beginning to develop in Russia. Revoking licenses from "reliable" design bureaus only slows down this process. Therefore, it is possible to improve the financial literacy of the population through long-term reforms. From this point of view, IIAs are an addition to the pension savings system, and tax incentives only increase the attractiveness of investments.

IIS vs NPF vs deposits

The main difference is that the new tool allows account holders to independently choose the object of investment. Organizers are obliged to provide their customers with services, products and services that will allow them to make informed decisions and manage risks. IIS is a real alternative to deposits, which have a detrimental effect on investments in the Central Bank. Experts hope that the money attracted by the new instrument will go to the stock market. According to a study by Sberbank-CIB, foreign investors own about 70% of Russian shares that are in free float.

World practice

The individual investment account has long existed in developed countries in one form or another: ISA in the UK (50% of the population participates), TFSA in Canada, IRA in the US (39%), etc. Such tools help ordinary citizens to increase their savings by trading in the stock market. The Russian analogue was created to increase the attractiveness of investments in the eyes of the population. Under the new rules, investors who have owned units or shares for more than three years and then decide to sell them are exempt frompayment of personal income tax.

Individual investment account: Sberbank

BKS broker together with the bank of the same name organized an action. At the end of the terms of the "Investment account" deposit with a yield of 9.5%, all funds will be transferred to the IIS, previously opened in the AMC. In this case, the client will receive an additional bonus of 2.1% per annum. Sberbank also enables its clients to open IIS. Terms of service - standard. There is no opportunity to increase capital further.

CV

Since 2015-01-01, a new tool for generating income has appeared in Russia - an individual investment account. You can open it in AMC for a period of at least 3 years. The choice of the tax benefit option should be approached very carefully: the first allows you to get a guaranteed income in the amount of personal income tax paid for the year. The second is suitable for active investors who are confident in the profitability of their transactions. The choice must be made before the transfer of funds. It is not possible to change the decision during the term of the contract. The new tool is a good alternative to a deposit, as it allows you to get a higher income compared to what banks can offer.