2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
The automobile plant in the city of Kremenchug produced simple and reliable trucks with two or three driving axles. Rear-wheel drive variants were widely used in the civil service as flatbed trucks, dump trucks, chassis for installing various construction and road equipment. All-wheel drive vehicles, nicknamed “lappeters” for their characteristic wheels, for the most part went to supply the army.
General data
The development of a new model of the EOV-4421 excavator based on the KrAZ-255B for the needs of the army began in the late 70s. At that time, the E-305 version was in production, which was equipped with a fully mechanical drive. Because of this, she had low productivity and a complete lack of reserves for modernization.
The main purpose of the KrAZ EOV-4421 was to carry out various earthworks in the construction of defensive structures and positions for troops and command and control posts. In addition, the working boom of the machine can be used to move loads weighing no more than 3000 kg. Maximumthe height of the work does not exceed 4.5 meters.
The production of machines started at the specialized enterprise "Red Excavator" (Kyiv) at the very end of the 70s and lasted about 20 years. Based on the basic model, there was an improved modification 4421A. After the collapse of the USSR, the production of this machine continued for several more years under the symbol "Atek-4421A".
Operation principle
The main working element of EOV-4421 is a bucket with a reverse scheme. Only one bucket option is available for the excavator, with a maximum capacity of 650 liters. Because of this scheme, work is carried out according to an unusual procedure - from top to bottom. All boom and bucket drives are made from hydraulic cylinders and a single high pressure line. The drive of the pump of the system is carried out from an additional diesel engine, which is directly connected to the working shaft of the pump. The range of the fixed chassis is only 7.3 meters.
The big disadvantage of the machine is the inability to install a standard straight bucket. Because of this, there are no reserves for increasing the performance of EOV-4421. However, the excavator continues to be widely used in many jobs because of its excellent flotation and economical operation.
Base Chassis
The car is equipped with an eight-cylinder Yaroslavl diesel model 238, which develops power up to 240 forces. The transmission consists of a five-speed main gearbox and a two-speed transfer case. Due to the large number of units in the transmission and large wheels, fuel consumptiondoes not fall below 40 liters per hundred km. The fuel reserve is stored in two cylindrical tanks and is 330 liters.
When moving to the place of work, the excavator can accelerate to a speed of 70 km / h and overcome pits and trenches no more than a meter wide. This is quite an acceptable indicator for a large and heavy (weight about 20 tons) machine. The cabin of the installation does not differ from the equipment of the truck and is designed for the driver and a couple of passengers.
Optional equipment
On the turntable there was an additional four-cylinder diesel model SMD-14, which developed up to 75 forces. The hydraulic system of the EOV-4421 excavator was driven from this unit. To power the engine, there was a separate tank, which provided autonomous operation of the installation for up to 12 hours. This result is achievable only with the correct adjustment of the equipment for supplying fuel to the cylinders. The normative consumption of diesel fuel when working under load should not exceed 5 liters per hour.
The engine allows you to perform a quick full turn of the excavator platform and dig up to 90 meters of a standard trench in an hour. When digging pits, an experienced operator can get up to 100 cubic meters of soil per hour.
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