Cylinders with carbon dioxide: features, composition and volume

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Cylinders for storing various gases, including carbon dioxide, are sold empty. The cylinder itself is a metal tank, sometimes plastic. It is worth noting that the metal material for the manufacture of containers is preferable to plastic, since static electricity does not form on its walls.

Cylinder device

The carbon dioxide cylinder is a cylinder-shaped metal container that is threaded with a shut-off valve screwed into the top of the device. It is important to note that the type of shut-off valve will depend on the gas with which it is filled. Separate high requirements are placed on the tightness, as well as the reliability of gas cylinders, especially with substances such as carbon dioxide.

It can also be added that the design of the valve for a carbon dioxide cylinder has not one, but three threads. The bottom one is designed to secure it in the container itself. The valve stem is attached to the upper thread, andthe side is intended for the plug.

Types of cylinders

It is important to understand that one of the features of these containers is their diversity. There are metal and composite cylinders, as well as gas cartridges. Of course, the most common type is the metal balloon. Its advantage lies in economy. The body of this cylinder consists of either mild or alloy steel. It also attracts a large selection of volumes for gas storage. The volume of the carbon dioxide cylinder can be 5, 10, 12, 20, 27, 40, 50 liters.

It is important to note that the storage of a fifty-liter cylinder is only allowed outside in a special cabinet, as well as with special markings. Since the containers are made of metal, their mass is quite large, even if they are empty. The weight of one empty cylinder ranges from 4 to 22 kg and depends on the displacement.

One important point - metal tanks are most often designed to store or transport large amounts of carbon dioxide. If the amount of substance is small, then it is better to choose a composite cylinder as storage. The main advantage of this type of tank is the lower weight of the tank itself. The weight of a composite carbon dioxide cylinder will be about 70% less than a metal one.

Tanks according to GOST

According to GOST 949-73 volumes for cylinders with CO2 - 5, 10 and 40 liters. They are used for storage, transportation and distribution of gas to consumers. These devices should include the followingdetails:

• VK oxygen valve with a mass of 0.5 kg;
• transport rubber ring in the amount of 2 pieces;
• 5.2kg support shoe;
• steel or re-certified cap, the weight of which is 1.8 kg, or the same part, but made of fiberglass, the weight is 0.5 kg;
• a ring that is worn on the neck weighing 0.3 kg.

The production of metal cylinders with carbon dioxide should be carried out only from steel grade 45 D or from steel grade 40 X GSA, if it is a container with a volume of 40 liters.

CO2 bottle features

Cylinder for carbon dioxide must be completely painted in black, and also have the inscription "CARBON DIOXIDE", made of yellow enamel. It should be noted that the weight of the container is set without taking into account such details as a valve, rings, caps, shoes. In addition to the coloring and inscription, the tank must have passport information about it.

The application of these data is carried out by the shock method. It is important to know that information is applied in the upper part of the cylinder, and its location is completely cleaned to a metallic sheen and has a highlighting yellow line 20-25 mm wide. Here is a list of the information that a passport must contain:

• date of manufacture of the container and year of subsequent inspection;
• what is the pressure of carbon dioxide in the cylinder (indicated in MPa (kgf/cm2);
• tank capacity (indicated in liters);
• empty container weight (indicated inkilograms);
• serial number of the tank and brand of the company that made it;
• stamp of the company that carried out the technical examination;
• last stamp from the technical control department of the company that manufactured the tank.

Technical parameters

Depending on the capacity of the container, different technical requirements are imposed on it. If the tank is produced with a volume of 5 liters, then the steel grade that should be used for its production is 45 D. The pressure of carbon dioxide in a cylinder with such a displacement should be 14.7 MPa (kgf / cm2). The diameter of such a cylindrical container is 140 mm, the length is 475 mm, and the weight is 8.5 kg.

Cylinders with a capacity of 10 liters are made from the same steel grade as the 5 liter ones. The pressure in such tanks, as well as their diameter, also corresponds to the previous type. The length of such a balloon should be 865 mm, and the weight should be 8.5 kg.

40-liter cylinder with carbon dioxide can be made of steel grade 45 D or steel 40 X GSA. If the production is carried out from the first grade of steel, then the pressure in it also remains at the level of 14.7 MPa (kgf / cm²), and if from steel 40 X GSA, then the working pressure increases to 19.5 MPa (kgf/cm^{2). The diameter of both gas tanks will be 219 mm. The length of the cylinder from steel 45 D will be 1370 mm, and from steel 40 X GSA 1350 mm. Tank weightfrom the first grade of steel - 58.5 kg, and from the second - 51.5 kg.}

Using balloons

The following are some of the applications for these CO2 tanks.

1. In medicine, they are used during freezing in the operating unit.
2. In the food industry, they are used in the production of carbonated drinks, as well as some cocktails.
3. Used in the perfume industry in order to obtain perfumes with a rich aroma and without an unpleasant, specific smell.
4. Of course, they are used during construction or repair work during the welding of the structure, where the formation of additional soot cannot be allowed.

It is also worth noting that conventionally all carbon dioxide cylinders are divided into three categories. The first includes small containers - 2, 5, 10 liters. The second includes medium tanks from 20 to 40 liters, and the third is large - from 40 liters or more. The demand for each category depends on the scope of their use. For example, medium and large cylinders are used in industrial sectors, since they do not need to be refilled too often. It is important to note that each tank must be certified once every 5 years.

Pressure settings

When operating these tanks, it is important to know that they have two pressure indicators. The first indicator includes the working pressure, which, subject to all the rules for the operation and transportation of the tank, should not go beyond 150 atm. The second type of pressure is test,which becomes more important during the connection phase of the main system. This parameter should not be higher than 225 atm. It is also worth noting that when ordering these containers, you must make sure that a protective cap is available.

It can be added that after some chemical research, as well as laboratory observations, it was found that CO2 in the tank is the safest gas among all, and therefore it can be used in open areas.

Characteristics of the gas in the cylinder

You can start with the fact that the cost of this substance is quite small. This product does not have any color and is also non-toxic. Carbon dioxide is obtained in the process of burning coal fuel, gaseous waste from the alcohol and sugar industries. At a temperature of carbon dioxide in a cylinder of +31 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 75.3 atm, this substance is liquefied. As the temperature drops, so will the liquefaction pressure.

It is important to note that at a temperature of -78.5 degrees Celsius, this substance will begin to change from a gaseous to a liquid state. During the evaporation of 1 kg of liquid, 505 liters of gas will be obtained. It is also important to note that during storage and transportation this product is in a liquid state under a pressure of 60-70 atm. Another important fact is that only 25 kg of liquid carbon dioxide can fit into a 40-liter cylinder. When the entire volume of liquid evaporates, 12,600 liters of gas will be obtained.

Cylinder fillingcarbon dioxide

In order to fill the tank with gas, several methods can be used. The first method is the transfer of a substance from one cylinder to another. In order to carry out this process, it is necessary to use specialized equipment, as well as adapters. The most important point when refilling is weighing the container, as this is the only way to determine how much substance was inside after refilling.

It is possible to use specialized gas injection units with a compressor to fill a carbon dioxide cylinder. This method is considered more relevant, since it provides more accurate filling of the cylinder with gas, and also minimizes the loss of substance during this operation. In order to understand how full the cylinder is, it is also necessary to use tare weighing.

It is worth noting that in order to carry out the refueling process, it is necessary to turn the container, which is the donor, down with the valve so that it is as close to the floor as possible. After that, a high-pressure hose is screwed to it, which will be the conductor of the substance from one tank to another.