2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
A new word in the use of peaceful atom - a floating nuclear power plant - innovations of Russian designers. In the world today, such projects are the most promising for providing electricity to settlements for which local resources are not enough. And these are offshore developments in the Arctic, and the Far East, and Crimea. The floating nuclear power plant, which is being built at the B altic Shipyard, is already attracting great interest. And not only domestic, but also foreign investors.
Floating nuclear power plant for peaceful purposes
In the early stages of the development of the nuclear industry, the advantages of its use were considered mainly in relation to the military industry. But with the development of technology, itunderstanding the effectiveness of its use for peaceful purposes. In particular, as mobile energy sources for sparsely populated or hard-to-reach places. The experience of mobile power plants was already in the USSR. These are floating generating power plants of the Northern Lights project based on a gas turbine plant consisting of two GTG-1 generators (capacity 10,000 kW each). Their production began in 1967 at the Tyumen shipbuilding plant, six floating stations were manufactured and launched, which worked in the subarctic zone (Nadym, Eldikan Islands and Cape Schmidt, Pechora). The last floating nuclear power plant, Northern Lights-3, was dismantled in 2008.
Domestic industry
In accordance with the federal program "Energy Efficient Economy" in 2005, the tender for the creation of a low-power floating nuclear power plant was won by the Sevmash enterprise. Later, part of the orders was transferred to the B altic Shipyard (St. Petersburg). Here today the floating station "Akademik Lomonosov" is 96% ready.
Head project
The floating nuclear power plant "Akademik Lomonosov" is a key project in the 20870 series of mobile units of the Design Bureau "OKMB im. Afrikantova". And this is only the head project of a whole flotilla of stations of four ships: three for Russia and one for Cape Verde (Republic of the Cape Verde Island, West Africa). It was created on the basis of an installation that is commercially used on icebreakers and tested in the Arctic. Corporate enterprises and research centersRosatom confirmed the possibility of using ship reactor technologies to manufacture a completely new class of energy source. The purpose of mobile power plants is to provide port cities, oil and gas enterprises in offshore zones with the necessary volumes of energy.
Domestic product
All components for this facility are manufactured at domestic enterprises. Reactors and components for them are manufactured by OKBM im. Afrikantov" in Nizhny Novgorod. Steam turbine plants are produced by the Kaluga Turbine Plant. Technical support of the project - the St. Petersburg design bureau "Iceberg", a global brand of nuclear icebreakers.
Design and specifications
The floating nuclear power plant is a smooth-deck, non-self-propelled vessel, on which two reactor units of the KLT-40S icebreaking type are installed. The power of each reactor is up to 35 MW, the thermal power is 140 gigacalories. The station is able to fully provide electricity to a settlement of 200,000 inhabitants. The vessel is 144 meters long and up to 40 meters wide. The planned displacement is 21.5 tons. Service life - up to 40 years, with a fuel change interval every 12 years.
Not by energy alone
In addition to generating electrical thermal energy, these installations have the capacity to desalinate seawater. It is this area of its activity that opens up wide opportunities for foreign buyers in the future, because according to the IAEA forecast in 2025year, the annual shortage of fresh water in the world will be 1.3-2 trillion cubic meters, and this is from 2 to 7 billion people. And this station is ready to produce 40-240 thousand cubic meters of fresh water per day.
You don't have electricity - FNPP is coming to you
In June 2010, the Akademik Lomonosov floating nuclear power plant was launched on the stocks of the B altic Shipyard. it was a solemn moment. The Directorate of floating nuclear thermal power plants under construction of the Rosenergoatom concern stated that by the fall of 2019 it will be put into operation, and its cost will be 16.5 billion rubles. Since 2016, the construction of coastal infrastructure for a nuclear floating power plant in Pevek (Chukotka Autonomous District of the Russian Federation) has been underway. By 2021, Akademik Lomonosov should completely replace the Bilibino NPP, which will be decommissioned.
Will withstand an airplane strike
Innovative plant security technologies meet world standards. It will withstand any design dynamic loads. And, in addition, it has a certain “margin of safety” - it is not afraid of tsunami strikes, winds of 45 meters per second, earthquakes of 8 points on the Richter scale, collisions with ships and the fall of an 11-ton aircraft. The reactors of the Afrikantov OKBM design bureau have a high degree of protection from five circuits, which was confirmed by the situation with the Kursk submarine, when the reactor plants withstood the explosion. Put the reactors out of service and kept it safe for a long timestay of the ship under water. The environmental friendliness of the station is confirmed by experts - no toxic waste will appear on the territory of its location, neither during operation nor after.
Human factor
When the station is put into operation, it will work on a rotational basis: for three months, 150 people, 50 per shift. For their comfortable stay, the floating station has everything you need: comfortable cabins, a cinema, a gym. In the meantime, the training of the first 17 specialists has begun, which will last about 2 years. The station will have a director and a management team of five people. But the captain of the ship will be responsible only for the safety of the ship.
South Horizon
Recently, the media has increasingly raised the issue of placing a floating nuclear power plant in the Crimea. The opinions of experts on this matter differ. The purpose of these installations is to supply hard-to-reach territories, and the Crimea can receive energy via an energy bridge from the mainland. The project can be considered in the serial production of floating nuclear power plants and its reduction in cost.
Competitiveness per stream
In order for foreign corporations to buy these stations, the developers will have to solve a number of issues. Modernization of the station - either only for electricity generation, or for desalination, will reduce its cost by half. This will also help to reduce the construction period of floatingnuclear power plants. And it is Akademik Lomonosov that should become a testing ground for testing technological solutions and the possibilities of interaction with ground-based power grids.
Recommended:
Northern Sea Route. Ports of the Northern Sea Route. Development, significance and development of the Northern Sea Route
In recent years, the Arctic is one of the key regions in terms of Russia's national interests. One of the most important aspects of Russia's presence here is the development of the Northern Sea Route
Nuclear power plants. Nuclear power plants of Ukraine. Nuclear power plants in Russia
Modern energy needs of mankind are growing at a gigantic pace. Its consumption for lighting cities, for industrial and other needs of the national economy is increasing. Accordingly, more and more soot from burning coal and fuel oil is emitted into the atmosphere, and the greenhouse effect increases. In addition, there has been more and more talk in recent years about the introduction of electric vehicles, which will also contribute to the increase in electricity consumption
Obninsk nuclear power plant - the legend of nuclear energy
Obninsk NPP was commissioned in 1954 and operated until 2002. This is the world's first nuclear power plant. The station produced electrical and thermal energy, and various scientific laboratories were located on its territory. Now the Obninsk NPP is a museum of atomic energy
Transition to a floating exchange rate. Floating exchange rate system
Floating or flexible exchange rate is a regime in which exchange rates in the market can change depending on supply and demand. In conditions of free fluctuations, they can rise or fall. It also depends on the conduct of speculative operations in the market and the state of the balance of payments of the state
Floating NPP, Academician Lomonosov. Floating nuclear power plant in the Crimea. Floating NPPs in Russia
Floating nuclear power plants in Russia - a project of domestic designers to create low-power mobile units. The state corporation "Rosatom", the enterprises "B altic Plant", "Small Energy" and a number of other organizations are involved in the development
