2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
Floating nuclear power plants in Russia - a project of domestic designers to create low-power mobile units. The state corporation "Rosatom", the enterprises "B altic Plant", "Small Energy" and a number of other organizations are participating in the development.
Historical background
At the initial stages of the development of the industry, atomic energy was considered mainly in relation to the military industry. However, over the past few decades, the advantages of mobile sources suitable for operation in remote and undeveloped areas have become more and more obvious. To a greater extent, the change in priorities was due to the development of civilian nuclear technologies, the installation of reactors on military ships, icebreakers, and submarines.
For the first time mobile installations began to use the United States. They provided power to the Panama Canal and the American research base in Antarctica.
Relatively recently, the media asked the question of whether a floating nuclear power plant will be installed in the Crimea. Opinions on this matter vary. However, there were no statements from the state corporation coordinating the program regarding this issue. Some experts say that a floating nuclear power plant in the Crimea is not needed. They explain their position by the fact that such installations are designed for operation in remote, hard-to-reach areas. The supply of the peninsula can be carried out in other ways. For example, an energy bridge is being built from the mainland of the country.
Domestic industry
According to the federal target program "Energy Efficient Economy" 2002-2005. and for the period up to 2010, a tender was held for the creation of a low-power TNPP. In mid-May 2006, the Sevmash enterprise became the winner. The following year, 2007, the administration of the Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University and the Federal Agency for Atomic Energy reached an agreement that the institute would act as a base university for the training of relevant specialists. In 2008, the project coordinators announced that part of the orders for units and assemblies would be transferred to the B altic Shipyard. However, the Sevmash plant announced a little later that the floating nuclear power plant would be commissioned 5 months later than planned. In this regard, the entire order was transferred to the B altic Shipyard.
Start of construction
As the deputy head of Rosenergoatom Sergey Zavyalov said in 2010, the first floating nuclear power plant was built in accordance with the schedule. The readiness of the installation was planned for the end of 2012, and commissioning was expected in 2013. Launched in June 2010on water the first power unit. This happened at the B altic Shipyard. But at that time, the turbine generator and reactor were not installed. Installation work was supposed to be carried out on a floating power unit. In September 2011, a project in Pevek received a positive environmental review. It is currently at the investment feasibility stage. At the end of September - beginning of October 2013, steam generating units weighing 220 tons, produced according to the designs of OKBM im. Afrikantov, were transported to the outfitting embankment from the slipway of the sixth workshop of the B altic Shipyard. There, in the presence of representatives of Rosenergoatom, they were loaded by a floating crane into the reactor compartments. According to the terms of the contract, the St. Petersburg plant is to hand over the FPU, prepared for transportation to the site, on September 9, 2016. The latest news about the floating nuclear power plant indicates that it should be fully commissioned in 2018.
Key project
In a series of mobile transportable installations of low power, the floating nuclear power plant "Akademik Lomonosov" is considered to be the main one. Its maximum power is more than 70 MW. The plant includes two KLT-40S reactors. JSC "Afrikantov OKBM" is the chief designer. The same enterprise is the main manufacturer and supplier of equipment for reactor plants. In particular, it includes pumps, fuel handling units, CPS IMs, auxiliary machines, etc. The floating nuclear power plant "Akademik Lomonosov" was created on the basis of a serialan icebreaker rig that has been proven over a long period of service in arctic conditions.
Destination
The design activities carried out by Rosatom's enterprises and research institutes showed the possibility of building energy sources of a qualitatively new class on the basis of already mastered ship reactors. They will be used to produce desalinated water, electricity, domestic and industrial heat. Floating nuclear power plants with a capacity of 3.5 to 70 or more MW are expected to spread. They are intended to provide port cities, large industrial enterprises, gas and oil producing complexes located in the shelf zone.
Specifics
Mobile nuclear power plants are autonomous objects. They are completely created at the shipyard as a non-self-propelled vessel. Finished units are transported by river or sea to the operation site. The customer receives the object in working order. Floating nuclear power plants include a complex of living quarters and a complete infrastructure providing accommodation for the personnel involved in the operation and maintenance of the plant. Thus, the manufacturer and supplier fulfills the turnkey order. The construction in the factory provides the maximum reduction in construction time. At the same time, the Russian floating nuclear power plant meets all international quality and safety requirements.
Benefits
Floating nuclear power plant is the bestthus adapted for operation in hard-to-reach areas along the banks of rivers or seas, remote from the central supply systems. In the Russian Federation, these are primarily the regions of the Far East and the Far North. These regions do not have a unified energy system. Economically acceptable and reliable sources of supply are needed here. At present, the need for several dozen low-power stations is very acute in these regions. The commissioning of the plants will stimulate economic activity and ensure an adequate standard of living for the population.
Safety
Floating nuclear power plant meets all international environmental requirements. Fuel enrichment does not exceed the limit for compliance with the nuclear non-proliferation regime. Since the operation is supposed to be in the coastal zone of the world ocean, the issue of the stability of the installation to the effects of extreme natural factors (tornadoes, tsunamis, etc.) is quite relevant.
"Afrikantov OKMB" has a set of innovative technologies, due to which the floating nuclear power plant will withstand any level of dynamic load specified in the project. The scheme of the future installation is created with a certain "safety margin". It exceeds the maximum possible loads in the area of operation. For example, the probability of being hit by a tsunami wave, a collision with a shore facility or another vessel is foreseen. After 40 years of operation, the main power unit of the floating nuclear plant will be replaced by a new one. At the same time, the old one willreturned to the processing plant for disposal. During operation and after its completion, there will be no environmentally hazardous waste on the site where the floating power plant (nuclear) was installed. Repair and reloading of fuel will be carried out in the conditions of operating domestic specialized enterprises. They have all the necessary equipment, as well as qualified personnel.
Atomic expert: floating nuclear power plants. Good catch
Currently, many articles are being published on this topic. Many of them present some of the developments of a number of leading research and design institutes. For example, in 2015, the concept of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was covered. It is believed that a floating nuclear power plant (a photo of the installation can be seen in the article) is one of the most promising options for supplying settlements in which there are not enough resources of the coastal zone. The concept of the institute combines two fairly well-known technologies. In particular, the design of a nuclear reactor and a deep-sea oil platform is being considered.
Recommended:
NPP-2006: the project of a new generation Russian nuclear power plant
Oddly enough, but today one of the cleanest types of energy is considered … atomic! And, in general, quite justified. Yes, nuclear power plants produce hazardous types of waste, but their amount is relatively small, and mankind has long learned how to melt them into a glassy substance that does not corrode and can be stored in underground bunkers for thousands of years
Nuclear power plants. Nuclear power plants of Ukraine. Nuclear power plants in Russia
Modern energy needs of mankind are growing at a gigantic pace. Its consumption for lighting cities, for industrial and other needs of the national economy is increasing. Accordingly, more and more soot from burning coal and fuel oil is emitted into the atmosphere, and the greenhouse effect increases. In addition, there has been more and more talk in recent years about the introduction of electric vehicles, which will also contribute to the increase in electricity consumption
Obninsk nuclear power plant - the legend of nuclear energy
Obninsk NPP was commissioned in 1954 and operated until 2002. This is the world's first nuclear power plant. The station produced electrical and thermal energy, and various scientific laboratories were located on its territory. Now the Obninsk NPP is a museum of atomic energy
Floating nuclear power plant "Akademik Lomonosov". Floating nuclear power plant "Northern Lights"
A new word in the use of peaceful atom - a floating nuclear power plant - innovations of Russian designers. In the world today, such projects are the most promising for providing electricity to settlements for which local resources are not enough. And these are offshore developments in the Arctic, and the Far East, and Crimea. The floating nuclear power plant, which is being built at the B altic Shipyard, is already attracting great interest from domestic and foreign investors
List of Russian NPPs. How many nuclear power plants in Russia
The article contains a list of nuclear power plants built in the USSR, mothballed and operating in the Russian Federation. The story of the creation of nuclear power in the Russian Federation is told
