Mine surveying is a branch of mining science and technology

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

The history of mine surveying began a long time ago - 5 millennia ago. What is it - mine surveying or mine surveying. Foreign words related to technology are very often of German origin. Germany has always been a leader in the field of engineering. Therefore, many things related to various industries have German names.

What is mine surveying

The whole industry associated with mining is called mine surveying. The literal translation from German means "separating the borders", or surveyor. Mine surveying involves determining the exact boundaries of mountain deposits, but it also deals with the precise determination of the composition of the deposit, its specific spatial position, the feasibility of development - everything related to the further optimal development and operation of the deposit. The mine surveyor is engaged in the collection of all data, followed by their technicaljustification, conclusions and graphic representation on the plans being drawn up.

Ancient hunting only

Mine surveying is one of the oldest branches of science and technology. The first mine workings date back to the 4th-3rd centuries BC. They have survived in some places on the globe to this day, and there are also calculations and sketch drawings for later developments. Some schemes, made on papyri, are illuminated - the water was colored blue, the sand yellow. The explanations to the drawings indicate that preliminary geodetic measurements were carried out. And if geodesy already in the 1st century received its first device - a diopter, on the basis of which the theodolite was later created, then the mine surveying business was still taking shape, and it turned into an independent industry only in the Middle Ages. With the advent of mining areas, new problems arose, new tasks were set. Often several owners owned the deposit, and the boundaries between their sites had to be clearly defined both on the ground and in its bowels. This became the essence of the new discipline. At the same time, presumably, its name arose - "mine surveying".

The emergence of a new discipline

A circle of specialists engaged only in this matter appears, the art of mining measurements is beginning to be taught in medieval universities. In the 15th century, the first professional device appeared - a mountain compass. The amount of equipment necessary for measuring adits in mines and quarries was constantly increasing, and its designs were becoming more complicated. For the literateprofessionals were needed to carry out the work. Since the calculations were to secure the work of a large number of people in the bowels of the earth, the engineers were forced to receive a higher mining education.

Russian mine surveying, like all mining and all industry, received a huge impetus to development under Peter I. The achievements of the German industrial school taken as the basis were supplemented by the discoveries of Russian craftsmen. And in Russia, specialized scientific literature began to be published, workshops for the manufacture of precision instruments were created (compasses, quadrants, astrolabes of very high quality were produced in a workshop at the Russian Academy of Sciences), higher educational institutions were opened that produce high-class engineers. In the 18th century, the first educational institution (school) was opened in Russia to train only specialists in mining and mine surveying. And in the recommendations to the head of the mining and metallurgical industry of the Urals, an instruction was given, stipulated in the "Factory Charter" under paragraph VI, that only specialists of the highest level were accepted for the position of chief surveyor, or surveyor.

Color of domestic mine surveying

The general method of mine surveying was developed by M. V. Lomonosov. For the formation and development of domestic mine surveying, such Russian scientists as G. A. Maksimovich, the author of textbooks, P. A. Olyshev, who invented the Russian theodolite with an eccentric pipe, G. A. Time, who published manuals for using the theodolite and compass in the mine, did a lot. deed. Great is the merit of V. I. Bauman,organizer of two All-Union congresses of Russian mine surveyors - in 1913 and 1921. In 1905, he published the work "Course of Mine Surveying Art", and in 1921, for the first time in Russia (Petrograd Mining Institute), a new speci alty was introduced that trained mine surveying engineers. It is impossible not to note the merits of P. M. Lentovsky, who studied this science in France and Germany. Upon his return to his homeland, he founded the first professional magazine on mine surveying and created an automatic level.

In 1938, a plant for the production of specialized equipment was opened in Kharkov, where the M-1 gyrocompass and the DA-2 depth gauge were produced at different times.

Decent work - decent pay

In Tsarist Russia, the profession of an engineer has always been revered and well paid. The Ipatiev House is named after the engineer Ipatiev, the last owner of the mansion. A high-level tsarist technical worker could afford to have a luxurious house and live comfortably. In Soviet times, there was no competition at all for the speci alty "engineer-mine surveyor". Maybe things will change for the better now.