Serial production - what is it? Characteristic

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

The production process is organized according to different criteria and approaches. In order to optimize their production cycles and increase financial results, enterprises are very thoughtful in the way they manufacture their products. There are several generally accepted ways to release products.

Serial production is a special form of organization of the production cycle, based on certain technological, economic features, specialization, as well as the range of products of the enterprise.

Factors of production

The type of production is influenced by a number of its characteristics and features. These are technical, organizational and economic indicators of the enterprise. They are determined by the composition and breadth of the product range, the volume of output of finished products, as well as its stability and regularity of production.

Depending on the level of specialization and concentration, a distinction is made between single, serial and mass production. They are defined alongsidefactors. First of all, the type of production is affected by the volume of output and its nomenclature. When organizing the production cycle, the degree of constancy of the list of products being created, as well as the workload of jobs are taken into account.

One or another type of organization of the production process is applicable to the entire enterprise, its sections or even individual workplaces. Assigning a company to a certain category is rather arbitrary.

Types of production

The main types of production that exist today (single, serial, mass) have a number of characteristic features.

Single production is characterized by a small volume of production of identical products. They cannot be repaired or reissued.

In mass production, finished products are produced in batches. Moreover, they are produced with a certain frequency. Distinguish small-batch, large-batch and medium-batch type of production.

Mass production is characterized by the largest scale. Products in this case are manufactured continuously and in large quantities. This takes a long time.

Main features of serial production

Serial type of production is the most common type of production organization in many industries. Products in this case are characterized by structural uniformity. They are produced in series of small, medium or large sizes. Intervals are repeated with a certain frequency. During the production cycle, it takes some time toproduction, as well as breaks when the equipment is at rest.

The concept of "series" should be understood as a certain number of the same type of goods that a single enterprise creates.

The range of goods in this type of production is quite large. This indicator looks more diverse only with a single approach to the organization of the release of goods. A certain part of the products is similar in terms of technological and structural features.

Features and Benefits

Organization of mass production has a number of characteristic features. One of them is the repeatability and periodicity of the manufacturing process of finished products. This makes the production cycle rhythmic.

Products are released in large or relatively large volumes. This makes it possible to unify the products being created, as well as the technological processes themselves. At the same time, products can be manufactured according to standards and regulations. This makes it possible to use them in constructive rows in large quantities. With this approach, their cost is reduced.

In addition to improving the quality of finished products, as well as reducing its cost, organizations have the opportunity to purchase special equipment, sharpened for the production of standard parts and assemblies. Performance also increases in this case.

Key Features

Batch production feature allowshighlight the main features of this method of organizing the release of goods. These include production in series with a wide range of parts and assemblies of the same type. Production activity in this case is decentralized by workshops, departments, etc. Their specialization increases.

Manufacture of products is carried out both on the basis of orders and previously unknown customers. The workers have an average skill level. Manual labor is characterized by small volumes.

Production cycles are short. The technological process is typified. In this case, high-tech equipment is used. Quality control is automated. Statistical methods are applied to control compliance with product standards.

Flaws

Batch production is a system that has a number of advantages. But also this approach to the organization of output has some disadvantages. First of all, it should be noted the long cycle time with irregular operation of the equipment.

Frequent changeovers, maintenance of equipment, machine tools require a significant investment of time. In this case, non-manufacturing costs increase. There are long breaks in production. They arise as a result of preparatory work for the manufacture of goods, parts.

With the wrong approach to the organization of the production process, the cost of products may increase, as well as turnover may decrease. It may also decrease thelabor productivity. Therefore, the process of organizing the serial production of goods must be taken seriously, a number of calculations and planning must be performed.

Subtypes

Batch production is conditionally divided into small, medium and large production. This division is conditional. This is due to the presence of some characteristic features of the single and mass production principle in some subtypes.

Some of the features that mass and mass production have are successfully combined in the high-volume subcategory. At the same time, the series have a large scale. It takes a lot of time to make them. Breaks between games are small and infrequent.

If the batches are small, these types of cycles are determined by some features of a single method of manufacturing goods. This approach is often used to create a small batch of special-order parts. And in recent years, this approach has been significantly improved. The use of computer technology allows you to reduce the cost of working time, to produce several different types of parts on the same production line.

Calendar distribution

Rhythmicity, efficiency of production of batches of finished products allows you to organize calendar development. Serial production requires distribution over several stages.

If parts, assemblies or blanks are planned to be produced for a whole year, they are distributed by months. After that, in the planning period, the fund of time is determined, during whichequipment will work to produce the required item.

The rest of the time is also estimated. It is used to create other goods that are provided for by the production program. Such products are distributed in accordance with the calendar plans for the terms of contracts with suppliers and customers.

Creating sets

Enterprises of mass production can produce entire sets of products, the production time of which is in close time intervals. These types of parts, assemblies are combined. Such sets allow you to load the equipment relatively evenly. This reduces the number of product combinations that are fixed in individual months.

A set of certain details is assigned to the selected segment of the calendar period. The company is interested in the periodic repetition of such combinations throughout the year. This allows you to establish a rhythmic release of products.

The annual program for the range and volume of production of finished goods must be fully completed within a calendar period. Moreover, when creating sets of products, various combinations of manufacturing parts are calculated. This makes it possible to check the capacity utilization.

Production planning system

Serial production is a rather complex type of organization, in which several part-operations are assigned to one workplace. Therefore, several systems are used for operational planning. These include the development of future productioncycle sets, by backlog, as well as by complete numbers. Plans are created based on a continuous production process.

To determine future cycle sets based on inter-shop indicators, the source documents are the plan for the production of goods for the year, as well as information on the composition of the set. They list all the parts, blanks that are included in the composition. The planning department takes into account the calendar specifications for each unit of production and the entire set.

This approach allows the company to properly organize mass production, increase the productivity of equipment and labor resources. Correction of planned cycles during the formation of sets provides an opportunity to choose the most profitable option for creating finished goods.

Benefits of Cycle Set Scheduling

Serial production of products cannot be effectively carried out without planning for the workshops and backlogs of the enterprise. Analysts calculate the planned launch dates for the cycle set. This work is carried out for each shop of the company. Planning is carried out on the basis of the previously established deadlines and the order in which kits are submitted for their assembly. In this case, the standard indicator of the duration of each cycle is taken into account. The whole system must function smoothly, fulfilling the tasks of the enterprise.

Planning provides a company with a number of benefits. The production of goods takes place rhythmically, allowing you to reduce the downtime of equipment and the aging of blanks, components and parts.

Scheduling backlogs

Most flexible in processplanning is a program development system for backlogs. First, a fundamental level is determined for calculating the backlog for parts, assemblies in each workshop. When organizing the production process, the task is to maintain the level of production of goods by structural units in accordance with the calculated level. The volume of planned targets for each product is determined in days or five days relative to the final production.

It is cost-effective to reduce the adjustment of structures, as the stability of the dimensions of the parts allows you to reduce the proportion of each manual operation of workers. They perform several specialized operations.

Development of group processes

The serial type of production is distinguished by its diversity and complexity of organization. It includes machine-tool, machine-building enterprises. For medium and small-scale production, it is advisable to use the group planning method.

The essence of this approach involves the development of group processes and the creation of an appropriate tooling base. All parts are divided into types. At the same time, their technological, structural similarities, as well as the same type of equipment used are taken into account.

From each group, when planning, the most complex part is selected, in which structural elements similar to other products are determined. If it is not available, a complex unit of production is developed. According to it, equipment and machines are designed. This allows you to make any part of the group. This approach makes mass production cost-effective.

Serial production is the most common form of organizing the process of producing finished products. Knowing its features, as well as applying planning methods, the analytical service is able to increase the profitability of finished products, improve technological cycles.