State social insurance is

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

We all work. But someone may lose the opportunity to earn a living by honest work. To alleviate the fate of such people, state social insurance was invented.

General information

Why was social insurance created at all? This is necessary in order to provide financial assistance to persons who have agreed to this mechanism in the event of the occurrence of the foreseen risks. Insurers are required to timely accrue premiums for this case. When an insured event occurs, a person needs to contact the Social Insurance Fund and document the fact that he has the right to receive funds from the state. This is another way to socially provide for people who are in labor relations with employers. And who offers state social insurance? Three organizations can help in this matter:

1. Social Security Fund. This option will be optimal if there is a threat to suffer at work.
2. Pension fund. This option is suitable if you have plans and confidence that you will be able to retire successfully and without incident.
3. Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund. Similar tothe first institution, but especially suitable for those who plan to recover and continue working after treatment.

Of course, it should be noted that the division given in the article is very conditional and not mandatory. Just with the specifics of work, it will be somewhat easier to receive the money due upon the occurrence of a specific insured event. And so the institution that is closest to the house can be chosen. Although if you are interested in social insurance for temporary disability, then the first option is best.

How does it work?

On what principles is the social insurance system built? The most important, according to the announced goals, is the establishment of partnerships. Then comes the formation and use of various trust funds. Also, an important role within the system is assigned to the prevention of social risks. What is important for the functioning of the entire mechanism of social security? When social insurance is carried out, this implies the availability of certain funds, from which the needs are financed. Moreover, the specifics here are such that the funds must cover the existing costs that arise in connection with the fulfillment of the obligations assumed. In addition, the above organizations are interested in increasing the standard of living for various categories of Russian citizens.

Take, for example, social insurance against occupational diseases. This is the real scourge of our time. Almost any person after decades or maybe even years of work hasOccupational Illness. In most cases, it is not diagnosed until old age, but sometimes it manifests itself even before retirement. Therefore, state organizations are directly interested in the fact that a person maintains his he alth for as long as possible - because then they will not have to pay him money. A variety of means can be used for this, ranging from certain restrictions and requirements, ending with preventive measures for monitoring compliance with rest standards.

Methods and goals

So now you have an idea of what social insurance is. This is good. Now let's look at what types of it exist. At the moment, in the Russian Federation you can find the following types:

1. For temporary disability.
2. He alth insurance.
3. From occupational diseases and accidents at work.
4. Social pension insurance of citizens currently working.

These are not all possible means. Voluntary insurance stands apart. Persons who independently provide themselves with work can take part in it. It should also be noted that non-state companies can act as insurers. This has a number of advantages and disadvantages. Regarding the former, one can note a rather significant level of success of actions (which is confirmed by the example of the United States). But on the other hand, the state is not responsible for the calculations. Therefore, if you run into scammers, returntheir hard earned money will be quite difficult.

Entities and Contributions

The main asset that social insurance has is people. Who is of the greatest interest? The answer is the subjects, which are the insured persons. These include Russian citizens who are in an employment relationship with their employer (which can be commercial companies, individual entrepreneurs and government organizations). That is, the insurers include all those who provide people with work. But what about contributions? We know about the fact that they go to certain organizations (even which ones specifically). But how much money is paid? The unified social contribution provides for the collection of 26.2% and up to 34.5% of wages. Why is there such a significant difference? What is included in these percentages? Initially, the Pension Fund should be mentioned - it accounts for 20%. Another 3.2% goes to social insurance. This money will subsequently be spent directly on the person himself. In addition, 2.8% of salary goes to he alth insurance. This is in case of sick leave, visits to doctors (for example, a dentist), and so on. In addition, there is also insurance in case of accidents that were at work. Thanks to this point, there is such a significant difference as could be seen earlier. So, the contribution in this case can range from 0.2% to 8.5%.

Payout money

Let's considercompulsory social insurance at work. Let's say an incident occurs. In this case, the insured person can count on a certain amount of payments. The final value is calculated as a percentage of the salary. What model of support is in place in the Russian Federation? So, if a person has transferred funds for 30 years, then he can expect to receive 40% of his salary in the form of pensions. Those people who have officially worked for more than 40 years claim a figure of 60%. If temporary disability has occurred, then a person is en titled to from 80% to 90% of the salary. When people become unemployed, they can expect to receive funds in the amount of 50-60%. There are certain bonuses when receiving medical care and purchasing medicines. Here, the amount of payments depends on where the person is located. If he is in a hospital, 100% of all expenses will be paid. For those on outpatient treatment, only 75% of the cost of medicines and medical care is reimbursed. In addition, you can also count on material support in connection with a number of incidents: job loss, funerals, registration of pregnant women, payments for the birth of children, and so on. It should be noted that, according to the current labor legislation, every citizen of the Russian Federation who is officially registered must have an idea of what state social insurance is and actively use it. In production, office orlaboratories - no matter where he will work. According to the law, every person must be protected.

When and how much is the allowance?

Compulsory social accident insurance has different terms. So, if a person has temporarily lost his ability to work, then money will be provided to him from the first day. The end is considered the restoration of working functions or the establishment of disability by the medical labor commission. It's a little different with domestic injuries. It is provided that in the case of them, the payment of benefits is carried out only on the sixth day. True, there are some nuances here. So, if the injury was received as a result of a certain natural disaster (which is an earthquake, hurricane, flood or fire) or as a result of an anatomical defect, then financial assistance is issued for the entire time and is regulated by general rules. Social insurance against industrial accidents for seasonal and temporary workers provides benefits in case of occupational disease or work injury. Moreover, this is carried out on a general basis. If we are dealing with temporary disability, then the deadline in this case is 75 calendar days. Here you can meet with an interesting aspect. So, it is common that temporary disability can occur when the worker is on annual leave. In this case, a person needs to stock up on a sick leave, and he will be given benefits for the entire time of release from activity. True, ifleave without pay, you can't count on anything. Also, you should not rely on payments if temporary disability is a direct result of injuries and diseases that arose as a result of intoxication.

Features

What to do if a close relative of an employee falls ill? For many, this will be a novelty, but the law provides that in order to receive temporary disability benefits, the need to care for a sick family member may also serve as a basis. In this case, the situation must meet the following criteria:

1. It must be established that the lack of care has a significant risk to the he alth or even life of the sick person.
2. Unable to admit family member to hospital due to specific indications.
3. There is no person other than the worker himself to care for the sick. An exception may be made here for mothers with a child under 2 years of age.

Compulsory social accident insurance for such loss of working capacity provides for a standard period of 3 calendar days. It can be extended, but only in exceptional cases, when a family member has a serious illness. But in general, the period should not exceed seven calendar days. The exception here is in the case of children. So, if the child has not reached the age of 14 and is ill and at the same time needs care, then the period may be 14 calendar days. But this is not the maximum. So, if there is a child under 3years (or a disabled person under 16), then the allowance can be issued for the entire period when he needs care. It should be noted that there is a strong differentiation in the amount of payments. The final amount of money depends on the cause of temporary disability, the number of minor children, the length of continuous work experience, and so on. Also, if a person has received a work injury or an occupational disease, then his allowance will be in the amount of 100% of the salary.

Maternity Benefits

Some of the rules in this case are the same as the general ones. But there are also some peculiarities. So, when a woman is granted maternity leave, payments are made for all days. But this must be confirmed by a sick leave. How many women are allowed to rest? There are 70 calendar days before the due date. But if the pregnancy is multiple, then 84 days are provided. Also, after the birth itself in standard situations, women have 70 calendar days. If there was a complicated situation, then this period increases to 86 days. In cases where two or more children were born, 110 calendar days are provided. It should be noted that paid leave is provided in total. In other words, it does not matter how many days were used before delivery. Everything not spent can be spent later, if this word is suitable for mothers at all. It should be noted that our state makes sure that people receive about 100% of their wages. But ifthe woman was removed from office at the time of pregnancy and childbirth, the benefit is not paid.

As you can see, there are a lot of different aspects. Also, if a miscarriage occurs after the 196th day of pregnancy, the woman will still receive benefits. In addition, a number of other types of material assistance should not be overlooked. So, you can receive a one-time allowance at the birth of a child, as well as for caring for him until he reaches the age of 1.5 years. These payments are not provided if the fetus was stillborn. The child's mother has priority in receiving benefits. But if she died, then it is issued to the father or another person who is engaged in the actual upbringing of the baby. True, for this you need to write a written statement.

Assignment and payment

As you can see, many people are grateful to compulsory social insurance in case of temporary disability, because with such a responsible and serious business, any ruble counts. Therefore, if a person can qualify for payments, you need to know who appoints them and where they receive them. As a rule, this is carried out at the place of work. The commission of social insurance of trade union committee of the enterprise is engaged in it. But it may also be that it is not. In this case, benefits will be assigned directly by the trade union committee. And what to do when working in small enterprises where there is no such organization? In this case, the trade union organizer and the insurance delegate can help. When the allowance has been assigned, its payment is carried outadministration of the enterprise at the expense of contributions to social insurance. It's that simple. It should be noted that this assignment scheme also works when a person’s disability occurred while he was outside the enterprise.

As an example, consider the previously discussed vacation or business trip. Despite the fact that individual days are considered, the direct payment is made along with wages. Although there are nuances regarding childbirth and the pregnancy preceding them. In such cases, the allowance is paid once (all at once). To receive a lump sum payment for a child at birth, a parent must have a certificate issued by the registry office. The same applies to funeral payments. Everything that was accrued but not paid must be transferred to the employee within the time limits that are set for the payment of unreceived wages. It should also be borne in mind that if the amount of the benefit was excessively increased due to an arithmetic error or abuse, then it will subsequently be withheld.

Conclusion

State social insurance is an extremely useful tool for stabilizing society and maintaining its individual members. This mechanism allows people to look more confidently at their future. And this, in turn, entails that a person works better and there is less tension in society. Although the existing system is not without its shortcomings. But the issue of improvement over time is still solved. At the same time, notyou need to stand aside when you have an established fact of abuse of your powers. And it doesn't matter who and what violates - a state organization or a private entrepreneur. It is always necessary to strive to ensure that human rights and the existing social contract are not violated. And it is up to us, ordinary citizens, to monitor this.