2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
Social protection, social assistance to the population - institutions that characterize a humane and conscious civil society. In this area, the role of a professional providing such support - a social worker - is very important. It is worth familiarizing yourself with the features of his work, as well as the documents regulating his work more thoroughly.
Social protection
In general, social protection of the population is a set of measures aimed at observing the rights of a citizen, meeting his social needs. A high level of such protection of the population is a sign of a strong and prosperous state.
Social protection is mainly provided in three forms - social security, social assistance and social insurance. In the Russian Federation, its guarantor is the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, whose head today is M. A. Topilin. It is provided by state Russian extra-budgetary funds:
- mandatory he alth insurance;
- social insurance of the Russian Federation;
- Russian pension fund.
Organization dataoperate at the local, subject and all-Russian levels.
Types and measures of social protection
Social protection of the population consists of a number of measures:
- Protection and enforcement of children's rights.
- Help to overcome unemployment.
- Material and moral support for large families.
- Paying benefits to poor families.
- Determining the minimum wage, the smallest amount of scholarships, allowances, pensions.
Social protection is divided into state and non-state. The first one is:
- free education;
- payment of pensions;
- benefits;
- free he althcare;
- social services for the population, social services.
Non-state social protection provided:
- charity;
- voluntary social insurance programs;
- affordable private he alth and wellness programs and more
Today, there are two models of state social support in the world:
- Beveridge (English). Minimum social assistance to every citizen, regardless of his social status.
- Bismarckian (German). A citizen receives support from the state according to the amount of social contributions that he deducts to the treasury during his life. For socially unprotected categories, other rules and state protection programs apply.
Social Assistance
Social assistance is either monetary support or in-kind support (in particular, it is provided by the social assistance center) to citizens in difficult financial situations. Such payments are financed either from the state treasury or from a fund of voluntary donations from those who are not indifferent.
Social assistance is provided both as a result of checking the sources of income for those in need, and without these measures. Usually, assistance to people in especially difficult living conditions exceeds support to other citizens living more or less tolerably.
Family Social Work
One of the most priority and necessary areas of social protection is work with the family. Its key tasks are:
- supporting the cells of society in difficult conditions;
- help them overcome intractable problems;
- prevent new difficulties;
- doing work, as a result of which "difficult" families learn on their own to overcome such difficulties on their way.
The social assistance center mainly works with the following types of families:
- whose members are supported by the state (disabled people, pensioners);
- created by minor parents (parent);
- with a great risk of depriving mother and/or father of parental rights;
- who found themselves in a difficult situation: a parent’s disability, alcohol or drug addiction of a family member, forced relocation, HIV infection, a parent in prison, faced with unemployment,cruel attitude, violence, orphanhood, homelessness.
Functions of the social center for working with families
Family social work is multifunctional:
- Coordination of work on social support for "difficult" families.
- Preparing personal files for such families.
- Social inspection.
- Developing a plan to accompany the family, taking into account the wishes of the latter.
- Providing targeted support and assistance.
- Prevention of domestic violence.
- Informing relevant services and authorities about the fact of child abuse in foster families.
- Defending families in court when needed.
- Providing other interested government agencies with information about foster families.
- Distribution of social advertising.
Requirements for a social worker
A professional social worker may not have work experience, but must have a secondary or higher education in social, legal or pedagogical areas. The requirements for a professional II and I (highest) qualification are much stricter: higher narrow-profile education, work experience in the previous categories.
The job description of a social work specialist assumes knowledge in the following areas:
- relevant legal regulations relating to social protection and assistance, family support and socialvulnerable citizens, protection of motherhood and childhood, state policy in relation to these categories of citizens;
- effective ways to improve the quality of social assistance;
- basics of psychology: a child, a pensioner, a disabled person, people in difficult situations, etc.;
- basics of the Labor Code, labor protection;
- sanitary and hygienic rules for the care of the elderly and disabled.
Also, the job description of a social work specialist says that knowledge of philosophy, political science, cultural studies, history, pedagogy, social medicine is actively used in his professional activities. It is important to know the stages of development of a social institution and its current state in the Russian Federation and in the world, forms, principles, methods of helping people of different ages and social status, general tools, key concepts, methods of analysis and monitoring in social work.
Necessary human qualities of a professional:
- selflessness;
- commitment;
- social skills;
- benevolence;
- tolerance;
- social intuition;
- hard work;
- stress resistance;
- analytical type of thinking;
- observant;
- workability.
Functions of a social worker
The current job description of a social work specialist assumes the assignment of the following functions to the employee:
- Database formation"difficult" families (social card) in need of help from single pensioners, disabled people.
- Determination of the origins of trouble, the size and nature of the assistance provided, the provision of it itself.
- Caring for disadvantaged cells of society, especially those with children with developmental disabilities or disabilities, families of internally displaced persons, participants in and victims of military conflicts, with orphans, as well as disabled (including due to disability), elderly people.
- Providing assistance in the employment of wards and other ways to overcome their material difficulties.
- Working together with law enforcement agencies to prevent illegal activities and asocial lifestyle of wards.
- Analysis of the work done, forecasting the results of social assistance.
- Implementation of federal and regional social programs, preparation of their projects and proposals.
- Participation in methodological unions to improve the quality of social assistance provided.
- Coordination of the activities of non-profit charitable associations that also provide assistance to the wards.
- Consultation of interested citizens on the subject of their activities.
- Documentation of the work done.
Rights and duties of a social worker
Rights of a social worker:
- propose and implement projects to improve the quality of social services provided;
- refer toleadership for assistance in carrying out their functions;
- demand for review the documentation and information necessary for their work;
- improve your qualifications.
The job description of a social work specialist assigns him the following responsibilities:
- responsibility under the Labor Code of the Russian Federation for improper performance of their official functions:
- responsibility under the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and the Code of Administrative Offenses for offenses in the course of work;
- responsibility under the Criminal Code, Civil Code, Labor Code of the Russian Federation for causing material harm.
Social worker is a responsible and necessary profession in any developed society. Social work and social protection itself have a lot of areas of activity, ways to improve and update them.
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