Energy supply - what is it?

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Modern civilization is hard to imagine without already familiar benefits. It is worth removing them, how the world will change. Or maybe even the entire civilization that has already become familiar will collapse. One such cornerstone is energy supply. This is something without which it is impossible for enterprises to efficiently produce products, communicate with people in different parts of the world and much more.

General information

Start with a definition. Energy supply is the process of providing the consumer with all the necessary types of energy, as well as their carriers, which are necessary for normal functioning. What plays a big role here? Carriers! Those of them that are currently used or can be applied in the future are called energy resources. They are primary (primary) and secondary. In the first case it is:

1. Solid fuel. It includes coal, peat, shale.
2. Liquid fuel. It includes oil and its derivatives, such as fuel oil, kerosene,solar oil.
3. Gas fuel. It includes associated, natural, condensate and artificial gases.
4. Hot and cold water.
5. Air.
6. Water vapor.
7. Air separation products. These are oxygen and nitrogen.
8. Refrigerant.
9. Hydrogen.

Secondary energy resources - this is what is obtained as a by-product in the implementation of the main activity. They may not/combustible.

Main energy needs

Most facilities need electricity, water and heat. If the conversation turns to large enterprises or social security facilities that have their own boiler houses or generating stations, then fuel supply should also be ensured. Depending on the conditions of use and the specifics of technologies, there may be a need for air, cold, and so on. Energy supply is a very broad area with many considerations.

Importance to commercial and industrial sites

Energy economy is their integral part. It should be considered as a set of generating, converting, transmitting and consuming installations, through which the supply of everything necessary is carried out. At the same time, the following requirements are put forward:

1. Ensuring the required level of reliability. It involves the formation of criteria that will be presented. Often they are formulated in building codes in force.rules, guidelines and other papers.
2. Ensuring the required quality of energy (or fuel). This is provided in cases where its performance has an impact on the functioning of consumers or supply chains.
3. Convenience, safety and ease of installation and use. This is ensured by a wide range of integrated installations, as well as prefabricated elements. Examples include cameras of complex devices, transformer substations, capacitor plants and the like.

What other things to consider?

In addition to those already listed, you must bring:

1. Considering the possibility of increasing energy loads and consumption in the next seven to ten years. At the same time, capital reconstruction of an already created system should not be carried out. To comply with this requirement, it is necessary to correctly determine the design loads and choose the appropriate design solutions.
2. Ensuring the economy of a running system. To meet this requirement, a number of technical and organizational decisions must be made. They must provide the least of all possible costs, provided that the previous requirements are met, as well as the achievement of the intended goals. All this is regulated by articles No. 539-548 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Building Relationships

This point is regulated by article 539. It provides for the need to conclude an energy supply contract. It should contain important pointsrelationships that are transferred to the decision by the current legislation. Separately, it is necessary to mention the rights and obligations that the parties have. There is a clear list that they must adhere to. All this must be reflected in the concluded contract, which complies with the established Energy Supply Rules. Otherwise, problems may arise in the legal field.

About power supply

Among all the diversity that energy supply offers, this is perhaps the most important part. Power supply is understood as a complex of technical means, as well as organizational measures that provide consumers with electricity on the basis of a concluded contract. It can be internal and external. In the first case, the presence of a complex of networks and substations that are located on the territory of the consumer is implied. External power supply are facilities that provide the transmission of electricity from the place of connection to the power system to the point of use. Without all this, very often, many other benefits are not available. For example, water, heat, lighting, access to the World Wide Web, as well as many other familiar things.

Accounting

Power supply efficiency cannot be assessed without monitoring. The unit of account for electricity is kilowatt-hour. Consumers have to pay a certain amount every month. It is calculated by multiplying the tariff by the number of kilowatt-hours used. Typically, this is usedcounter indicators. Taking readings from it is usually assigned to the consumer himself. Although the supplier has the right to control the correctness of the data received and to remove them independently.

Offline Solutions

In our country, there is a regular increase in utility bills. You can complain about this state of affairs or take control of the situation. For example, you can use energy-saving technologies - light bulbs, wall insulation, water pressure limiters. If conditions allow (living in a private house), then the range of available solutions increases significantly. The most popular is the use of alternative energy sources. For example, the efficiency of the solar panels used for energy supply makes it possible to more than provide a solid peasant house using an area of four square meters, provided that there is sunny weather. Moreover, the generated electricity can be stored in special batteries or even sold to public utilities. The modern efficiency of solar panels used for energy supply is very significant. This technology has taken more than one step forward. For a long time there have been those times in history when the efficiency for them was only a few percent. Now it is already measured in double digits and can pay off in just a few years.

Continuing the theme of solar energy supply

It's no secret that, despite significant development, not all places are provided with the benefits of civilization. An example isgas situation. There seems to be a huge amount of it. And we get a lot. We even export. However, there are many homes that do not have centralized heating, gas for cooking, and more. What to do in this case? Alternative options are being sought. You can follow in the footsteps of your ancestors and burn firewood for heating and cooking. But all these tasks can be performed with the help of electricity. It is suitable for both electric stoves and electric heaters. At the same time, there are no harmful emissions into the air that adversely affect human he alth. The efficiency of the solar panels used to power one home will be more than enough to provide all the needs. But they are not the only alternative available. You can also pay attention to wind energy. On the one hand, it is more permanent, moreover, it is suitable for our northern conditions. But on the other hand, getting it is still quite expensive.

Reliability Issues

When it comes to power supply, consumers here can be divided into three categories. Namely, there are such types of them:

1. Electric consumers of category I. These include those for whom a power outage can create life-threatening situations, lead to significant material losses, damage to valuable equipment, mass product defects, failure of a complex technological process, as well asfunctioning of especially important components of public utilities. Here, a group of users is singled out separately, the uninterrupted operation of which is necessary in order to prevent threats to the population, fires and explosions.
2. Electric consumers of category II. In this case, it is understood that a power outage leads to massive downtime of industrial mechanisms, transport, workers, disrupts the rhythm of life of a large number of rural and urban residents.
3. Electric consumers of category III. This is everyone else who does not fall under the above definitions.

Conclusion

As you can see, powering homes, businesses, schools and hospitals is not as easy as it might seem at first glance. Thanks to the development of modern technology, you can be fully provided for, even if the house is located hundreds of kilometers from the nearest more or less large settlements. For example, somewhere in the taiga. Although, they are not fully provided with everything. For example, hospitals, hospitals and intensive care units may have backup sources of support. But as a rule, these are not designed for long-term use of gasoline and diesel generators. This is a good example of the genius of mankind, but not the best you can hope for. But for public infrastructure, new technologies are not yet affordable.