Systemically important banks: list. Systemically important banks in Russia

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Banks as a type of commercial organization, on the one hand, play a crucial role in the country's economy, and on the other hand, in the event of a crisis trend, they can suffer more than others due to relevant negative factors. As a result, they can, in turn, become a burden on the national economy as it emerges from the crisis. But it is in the power of the state to prevent this. Thus, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation decided to compile a list of the most stable financial institutions that are better than others protected from the impact of crises, and therefore capable of not only not becoming a burden on the budget, but also helping the national economy get out of the difficult situation in which it is currently located.. Which financial institutions are on this list?

The Essence of Systemically Important Banks

Systemically important banks in Russia - what are these structures? This term refers to the largest credit institutions, which, due to their compliance with certain criteria, are characterized as having great importance for the state economy. Such indicators may include the size of the bank's capitalization, the degree of presence in the regions, as well as key figures reflecting the overallthe financial condition of the structure.

At the same time, official criteria, at the level of legal acts, have not yet been adopted in the Russian Federation. Therefore, one or another list of systemically important banks - such as, for example, published in July 2015 by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, is formed mainly on the basis of the regulator's internal assessment mechanisms. Lists of relevant institutions can also be compiled, for example, by analytical agencies such as RIA Rating.

Interests of the authorities

However, there is evidence that the criteria for classifying banks as systemically important in the foreseeable future can be fixed at the legislative level. This issue, according to analysts, is being worked out at various levels of consultations in the financial market of the Russian Federation. Russian banks classified as systemically important - if we talk about the lists published by the Central Bank, can count on state support in case of crises - for example, if they have liquidity problems. Thus, the authorities may be interested in maintaining the stability of financial institutions due to the fact that they, in turn, contribute to ensuring the stability of the country's economy as a whole.

Regulator informs

It can be noted that in 2013 the Central Bank of the Russian Federation published an interesting document - a draft instruction, which fixed the criteria for classifying banks as systemically important. This source said that the list of systemically important banks in Russia can be formed based on the value of the assets of institutions, the share of deposits, as well as the valuefunds raised from other financial institutions. The relevant recommendations were based on the criteria of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, as well as the advice of foreign experts. At the same time, financial indicators should be assessed by the Central Bank, as follows from the provisions of the project, based on the results of the institution's activities for 3 years.

It is also known that in January 2014 the Central Bank of the Russian Federation issued an instruction, based on the provisions of which it was supposed to determine the list of systemically important banks. The year 2014, as suggested by some experts, should have been taken into account in the aspect of assessing indicators - therefore, during it the corresponding list was not published. However, there was also an opposite point of view. Some experts suggested that the year in which the Central Bank publishes the first list of systemically important banks will be 2014 one way or another due to crisis trends and the need to determine the list of the most stable credit institutions. However, the Central Bank formed the corresponding list of financial institutions only in July 2015.

Systemically important banks according to the Central Bank

Let's consider, in this way, what systemically important banks are now allocated by the Central Bank. The list includes 10 major Russian financial institutions.

Namely:

- Sberbank is the largest bank in Russia;

- VTB is the second largest bank in Russia by assets;

- Russian Agricultural Bank;

- Raiffeisenbank;

- UniCredit;

-Gazprombank;

- FC Otkritie;

- Rosbank;

- Promsvyazbank;

- Alfa Bank.

How do experts evaluate this list? Market analysts believe that the list presented by the Central Bank and including systemically important banks, in general, is logical. Many specialists, in principle, even before the regulator compiled this list, assumed that the listed financial institutions would be included in it. If only because these institutions are the largest in the Russian Federation in terms of assets. In total, they accumulate about 60% of Russian banking capital.

Criteria from the Central Bank

It is expected that the Central Bank in the foreseeable future will publish the criteria on the basis of which the systemically important banks were identified, the list of which we reviewed above. This, in particular, was stated by representatives of the regulator in an interview with the media. It can be noted that some of the criteria are already available to the public - if you examine the information from the press releases of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Thus, one of them says that from October 1, 2015, when determining systemically important banks, an indicator reflecting the values of short-term liquidity will be taken into account. At the same time, the requirements for its size will gradually increase. Initially, an indicator of 60% will be acceptable, but already in 2019 it will have to be 100%.

It is also known that from 2016 the Central Bank will establish requirements for capital buffers - also in accordance with the criteria defined by the Basel recommendations. The corresponding indicator as a premium to the basic capital required forcompensation for losses in the event of a crisis will have to be 0.625% relative to risk-weighted assets. Every year the criterion will become more and more stringent. By 2019, banks will have to provide a capital buffer of 2.5%.

Optimal representativeness

It can be noted that even in the instruction according to which it was supposed to determine systemically important banks in Russia, 2014, it was said that in total the financial institutions included in the list should include at least 80% of the assets Russian banking market.

In this regard, some experts suggested that there would be about 50 organizations in the first list of systemically important institutions. Moreover, in an interview with the media, representatives of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in the fall of 2014 reported that 19 banks should receive the appropriate status, accumulating, in turn, 70% of the capital in the national market.

Approaches to valuation of systemically important banks

So, we have studied some of the criteria by which systemically important banks are determined. We also reviewed the list of these organizations compiled by the Central Bank. What do representatives of financial institutions and market analysts say about the appropriateness of the formation of the corresponding list and the principles of its compilation?

Thus, there is a widespread point of view that the status of a systemically important bank is not so much a preference as an increased responsibility. Credit and financial organization,who received it, must be ready to fulfill obligations - related both to the solution of domestic economic problems of the state, and with participation in international communications. Representatives of the Central Bank emphasize that banks that are on the list of systemically important should not unconditionally rely on financial support from the state. The main role in facilitating the resolution of possible problems arising in the institution, as noted by top managers of the Central Bank, should be played by shareholders.

Criteria for classifying banks as systemic: expert assessments

What do experts say about the currently published criteria of the Central Bank, according to which banks can be classified as systemically important? Thus, analysts are very positive about the initiative of the Central Bank in terms of requirements for capital buffers. At the same time, many experts are interested in the reasons why the Central Bank set the indicators we noted above.

According to some analysts, the quality of management should become a significant criterion in assessing the stability of Russian financial institutions. If a bank is headed by competent managers, then in any case, this increases its chances of successfully overcoming crises, as well as performing those functions that are significant for the country's economy, experts believe.

Catch up with the leaders

Russian banks, which are listed by the Central Bank as systemically important, are also intended to be a model for other, possibly competing financial institutions, analysts say.

In principle, theircredibility in the eyes of other participants in the credit market of the Russian Federation is beyond doubt, experts say, but for smaller organizations it would be nice to be able to see how large banks develop successfully and are positively assessed by the regulator. In this regard, the publication by the Central Bank of a complete list of criteria for classifying financial institutions as systemic may become a significant incentive to improve the efficiency of the national banking system as a whole, analysts say.