2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
When developing gas fields, the technical infrastructure is also being designed, due to which the supply of the resource to the place of consumption will be ensured. For this, main pipelines are being laid through which natural gas is transported. The natural reservoir pressure helps him in this movement, however, at large distances and under the influence of various hydraulic resistances in the pipeline, maintaining the optimal movement speed becomes impossible. The compressor station makes it possible to artificially ensure transportation in the given parameters, thanks to which the main networks not only supply gas to consumers, but also prepare energy raw materials. There are different types of such stations, differing in size, operating principles and maintenance requirements.
Compressor station device
The main equipment for the compressor station may include different sets of parts that ensure the efficient operation of the system in specific conditions. The primary device, from the point of view of the installation of equipment, is the node for its connection to the gas pipeline. Apart fromIn addition, the compressor station is equipped with chambers for receiving and launching the pipeline cleaning system. To ensure technological cleaning, a whole range of devices is used, including a dust collector and separator filters. The function of providing gas transportation is taken over by gas compressor units, and the cooling system allows maintaining optimal parameters of the carrier. Shutoff valves, strapping devices, auxiliary equipment and the main control panel are also used to service the station.
Classification of compressor stations
Usually, pumping devices are divided into groups, depending on the type of serviced resource. In most cases, the work of the compressor station is focused on the use in gas pipelines, but there are also air models. Gas stations provide compression of the carrier to a certain pressure level, after which it is moved to special facilities for further processing. Air units produce compressed air that can be used for smaller jobs. For example, to ensure the function of pneumatic equipment, as well as reactions and processes that require the use of oxygen. In turn, stations for gas pipelines are divided into three more groups: booster, linear and head.
Booster stations
Such stations are mounted on underground gas storage facilities. The equipment performs two functions: transportation of gas from the main gas pipeline directly to the storage facility and itsfurther selection for pumping to end users. As a rule, the booster compressor station provides extraction from the central pipeline in winter, after which natural gas is distributed for subsequent supply to users. Stations of this type can also be installed in a gas field. Such an application usually justifies itself if the reservoir pressure falls below the allowable value. The difference between the booster plant and other varieties is the high compression force and the use of more efficient cleaning devices in the design, including separators, filters, dryers and dust collectors. As a result, the booster compressor station improves the preparation of gas, which is taken from the main network or from underground storage.
Headend stations
Head-type stations are used in sections following the gas field. The main task of such devices is to maintain the optimal pressure of blue fuel for its subsequent transportation along the main network. The fact is that in the process of developing a natural gas field, reservoir pressure in pipes drops sharply. To increase it, the head compressor station of the gas pipeline is used, which, by the way, also has a considerable degree of compression. The function of such installations is ensured by the consistent operation of a whole complex of pumping units and assemblies. At head stations, there are special requirements for gas preparation: it is purified from by-products, it is dried fromcondensate, and also remove mechanical impurities.
Line stations
Linear type compressor equipment is installed on main pipelines every 150 kilometers. The list of their tasks includes compressing the gas taken for preparation with pressure at the inlet and outlet. The linear pumping and compressor station provides the highest quality cleaning of technological raw materials. This is due to the fact that the equipment includes high-tech cyclone dust collectors that have replaced less efficient oil counterparts.
In this configuration, the station simultaneously cleans the gas from various impurities, evaporates moisture and removes mud deposits. The efficiency of cleaning preparation varies from 85 to 98%. The quality of filtration that the compressor station provides depends on the flow rate in the pipeline and the model of the cyclone. Line stations can be equipped with up to 6 cyclone dust collectors, which increases the efficiency of gas cleaning.
Station operation
During the operation of the compressor station, the maximum load on the equipment is ensured. This is due to the fact that an installation with incomplete output increases unnecessary energy costs. If several stations are used, then an individual work schedule is developed for each of them. Depending on the type of equipment, the operation of compressor stations may also include automatic control. But anywaythe operator must monitor the parameters of gas extraction and supply on the pipeline by starting or shutting down stations - one or more. Special attention is paid to pressure indicators - this is one of the key parameters for the normal operation of the compressor.
Maintenance
Maintenance activities are closely related to the operation of compressor stations and, for the most part, are driven by safety requirements. In particular, machinists must control the appearance of carbon-oil deposits and remove them in a timely manner. As a preventive measure to prevent explosive deposits, the use of high-quality oils is practiced. With proper maintenance, a layer is formed no earlier than after two thousand hours of operation. So that the compressor station and its components do not fail prematurely, special measures are taken to improve the quality of lubricant mixtures. As a result of such procedures, the thermal stability of oils is increased and the tendency to deposits is reduced. Also, the list of mandatory maintenance measures includes regular cleaning of the air path of the station.
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