Railway station. RZD: map. Railway stations and nodes

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Railway stations and junctions are complex technological facilities. These elements form a single track network. We will take a closer look at these concepts later in the article.

Railway stations

These elements of the transport network are facilities equipped with special devices that provide receiving and sending trains, overtaking and crossing them. In addition, the railway station allows you to issue and receive goods, as well as serve passengers. Developed track devices ensure the formation and dismantling of trains, perform their maintenance. Depending on the volume and nature of the work carried out, the railway station may have one of five classes or be out of class. Belonging to one or another category is determined in accordance with the assessment of the work of the object in points.

Destination

A railway station is the main production and economic unit of the track network. These facilities carry out the final and initial operations that make up the transportation process, as well as activities to ensure the movementformulations. About 75% of the car turnover time is spent at the station. The operation of the facility is organized in accordance with the train schedule, the plan for their formation, the effective use of technical equipment and the technological process. The procedure for the use of funds is regulated by a special administrative act. On its basis, control is exercised over the safe and unhindered departure and reception of trains, the passage of trains through the station, as well as the efficiency and rationality of internal shunting operations.

Object activity

The basic principles by which the railway station operates are:

1. Continuity in handling wagons and trains, reducing downtime while waiting for upcoming operations.
2. Reducing the time spent on the execution of each stage of work.
3. Maximum parallelism in train processing.
4. Interaction of various specialists involved in the implementation of plant operations.
5. Dispatcher's guidance in the formation and analysis of trains.

Path classification

Station line within station boundaries can be:

1. Main.
2. Reception and departure.
3. Loading and unloading.
4. Sorting.
5. Depovskoy (carriage and locomotive facilities).
6. Exhaust.
7. Connective.

The last one leads to fuel depots, warehouses,container and cleaning stations, sorting and repair platforms. There are also other paths, the purpose of which is determined depending on the operations performed there. Special lines are designed to serve certain organizations and enterprises that are connected to a common railway line by a continuous rail track. The activity of these paths extends to safety dead ends. They, in turn, serve to prevent the exit of rolling stock on train routes. Special lines also serve catching dead ends, which are designed to stop trains or their parts that have lost control while moving along a long descent. Those tracks that perform the same functions are combined into reception, departure, train sorting and other parks. Main lines are numbered using Roman numerals, station lines are numbered using Arabic numerals.

Railway junctions

These objects are complex. They represent a network of railway stations, access, bypass and connecting lines, posts at the junction points. Their structure also includes complexes of viaduct junctions between each other and with highways and city highways. The object includes a station (railway), train station, depot and other elements.

Classification

Depending on the relative position of approaches and stations, railway junctions can be of one type or another. The characteristic is carried out on the basis of special schemes. Yes, railway stationmaybe with one station. In this case, it is constructed with a small number of converging paths. Nodes may include stations located in parallel or in series. There are several other types of complex objects. Railway junctions may include stations arranged in a cross pattern. In this case, there is an intersection of the existing line at an angle. A node of this type is built with a small amount of processing and does not require the arrangement of a marshalling yard. There is also a triangular object type. Such a node is constructed in the case of a significant correspondence of train flows between all directions converging in it. Other types include radial, ring, dead end, combined and semi-ring.

Processing formulations

The operation of the station is determined in accordance with the technological process. One of the main documents regulating the activities at the facility is a special administrative act. In Russia, it is compiled taking into account the PTE of Russian Railways. The object map is an integral part of the act. The technological process allows you to establish the most rational order and duration of operations with cars and trains of different categories. This provides for the scientific organization of work and management, the formation of integrated track teams. Thanks to a set of measures, a high culture of servicing passenger traffic, receiving and sending cargo, as well as the fulfillment of planned tasks for the processing of wagons is ensured.

Technological process. Order of organization

The technological process is compiled for precinct, marshalling, cargo and passenger way stations. A competent organization of activities contributes to an increase in labor productivity, the safety of transported goods and the rolling stock themselves. In addition, safety is ensured during shunting operations and train traffic, as well as a reduction in the cost of wagon processing. The technological process is developed by the engineering staff of the station together with the staff of the wagon and locomotive depot, communications and signaling, track distances. Specialists of the power supply section, loading and unloading operations are involved in the compilation. The organization of the process is carried out in cooperation with the employees of the technological group, the road design bureau. When compiling documentation, the features and working conditions of each particular station are taken into account.

Technical and administrative act

The procedure established by this document is mandatory for employees of all services. The administrative act includes general information about the object, the reception and dispatch of trains, the formation of shunting operations, information on safety. The application, as a mandatory component of the document, contains a map of railway stations, statements, diagrams, instructions and other data that relate to the organization of the rational activities of all services. In the premises where there are duty, shunting dispatchers,wagon inspectors, extracts from the administrative act are posted at the turnout posts.