Fire fighting. Automatic fire extinguishing system

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Fire has been used by people since ancient times, but it is not always possible to contain it within a limited framework. But the flame is considered an element, which is sometimes difficult to stop. To ensure safety, an automatic fire extinguishing system is used. At the same time, there are several types of such equipment, which have their own characteristics.

Automatic fire extinguishing system is a complex multi-level equipment. Its operation will be effective if important elements interact correctly: smoke and temperature sensors, fire detectors.

Purpose

Fire alarm and fire extinguishing systems independently control the state of a certain area. When a source of fire or a slight risk of fire is detected, the equipment sends information to the control panel using various sensors and automatically extinguishes in a short time.

Systems have become in demand because of their versatility anduniqueness. They are necessary for security in organizations and industries.

Features

The fire extinguishing system includes a whole complex: control over sensors, temperature, switching on of light alarms and sound notifications, auto start of fire extinguishing. The main advantage of the complex is the timely detection of a fire and the possibility of its occurrence after pressing the fire alarm button. The extinguishing agent is water, foam solutions, powder components and gases: argon, nitrogen, inert gases.

Installation of fire extinguishing systems involves a preliminary acquaintance with the types of equipment, their characteristics, pluses and minuses. It is also important to know the principles of functioning of specific objects. After careful study of the information, you will be able to choose the right system.

Automatic water fire extinguishing

This fire extinguishing system is considered the most efficient and safe. Most fires are eliminated with the help of this installation. But it also has disadvantages: operation is associated with large expenses for the purchase of water, because it should be enough to extinguish a fire. Fluid reserves are located in special tanks and structures, stations. It is often necessary to create the remaining capital engineering structures.

The downside of the water system is the risk of harm to material values, the premises. These shortcomings can be eliminated if a special technology for extinguishing fine atomized fires is used.water. Then there will be a more rational flow of liquid and an artificial reduction in the size of the droplets. Usually, when extinguishing, only 30% of the total volume of water is used to extinguish the fire, and the rest is wasted.

When extinguishing with water mist, a water mist appears, which has penetrating and cooling functions. The technology allows you to reliably eliminate the fire with economical water consumption.

Automatic gas fire extinguishing

The automatic fire extinguishing system is used to identify the source of fire, quickly notify of a fire and extinguish it with fire extinguishing gas. This method protects the equipment from corrosion. After operating this system, you only need to ventilate the room.

Installations are resistant to different temperatures, and their installation is needed in those buildings where electrical equipment is energized. The operation of the fire extinguishing system is carried out with the help of non-combustible gas entering the fire area. The liquidation option can be locally voluminous and simply voluminous.

Automatic powder fire extinguishing

According to fire safety rules, these systems are installed in public, administrative buildings, warehouses, production facilities. Fire suppression is accomplished by quickly applying a fine, non-toxic powder to the fire area.

This technology is considered convenient and affordable. This eliminates damage to the premises and equipment, which is an advantage of the method. Consequences are eliminated byroom cleaning. The downside is a short shelf life.

Design and Installation

Installation of fire extinguishing systems according to GOST standards is presented as a complex system of technical means for the rapid localization of fire with fire extinguishing components. As part of the installations there are tanks and devices with a fire extinguishing agent. Piping, nozzles, command and control functions are also present.

Installation is a costly step, so it is done after design. The last event is held based on the following goals:

1. Installations should be modular, connected to individual units to improve system performance.
2. Functionality is achieved through the presence of a wireless Wi-Fi connection, which eliminates the failure of the fire extinguishing installation when a low-voltage line breaks.
3. Installations must have multiple independent power sources.
4. Powder or aerosol installations should be in fire risk areas.

Design depends on the area of the volume, the condition of the materials located on its territory, the availability of personnel and the category of the room. Maintenance of fire extinguishing systems is a set of works carried out periodically for trouble-free and long-term operation of communications and reducing energy costs.

Selection rules

In order for the equipment to work efficiently, it is necessary to carefully approach the issue of its choice. It is important to consider the substance used in it. Itshould be specific to the object. The equipment must extinguish the fire in the room before it becomes dangerous.

It is important that there is no risk of destruction of installations, as well as great damage to property. It is necessary to take into account capital investments, maintenance and repair costs. The system must be efficient, safe, and with the ability to save material values. These criteria are met by the gas method. High-quality fire extinguishing equipment is necessary for various premises, as it ensures the safety of people and property.