2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
The rolling mill as a device for processing metals and other materials by the pressure of several rotating rolls was first mentioned in the works of Leonardo da Vinci. The oldest mechanism, described by the great master in 1495, was intended for processing tin. Rolling devices were already quite widely used in the 17th century, where they worked on the basis of manual drives, which were later replaced by water (water wheel), and then by steam. Today, hand-operated rental equipment is often used for handicraft work.
The rolling mill as part of its equipment has the main part (working stand, which can accommodate from two to several rolls, electric motors and devices that transmit energy to the rolls from the engines) and auxiliary (equipment for moving billets, cutting them, editing, edging, etc.). The design of specific equipment is tied to the type of product it produces.
Rental productsaccording to the type of cross section is divided into several groups, including:
- pipes (seamless or welded);
- sheet products (thin sheets or thick sheets (more than 4 mm));
- long products (shaped or plain);
- special rolled products (corner, C-shaped, variable profile, etc.).
Rolling mill by type of product can be assigned to one of the following groups: pipe, tape, tin rolling, special, sheet, wire, strip, broadband, section, swaging (mainly blooming), billet, rail and beam mills. This type of equipment is large. For example, a mill considered small might be fifteen meters long, while the largest mill to date is 5,500 meters long (owned by Anshen Iron And Steel Group).
Classification of rolling mills by design features is as follows:
- single-cage (they include a cage, supplemented, for example, with six electric motors, five clutches, four gearboxes, three gear cages and two spindles);
- linear mills (stands are located one after another, sometimes in several lines, products are processed in one direction);
- sequential (several single-stand mills are arranged in series or in a different order);
- continuous (the workpiece is processed simultaneously in a number of stands);
- semi-continuous(there are continuous sections and linear equipment components).
How does a rolling mill work? First, the metal ingot is heated in special wells (temperature is about 1800 C), after which the electric car delivers it for primary processing (for slabbing or blooming), where bars are obtained from the ingot. Further, metal sheets or finished products of a given shape, such as rails, etc., are obtained from them on other rolling equipment. Modern equipment, as a rule, is foundry and rolling mills that can process billets in stands at a speed of about 300 km per hour.
Manufacture of rolling mills is a complex and expensive process, however, today in Russia there are enterprises that produce such products. In addition to the main and auxiliary equipment, the successful operation of the complex requires high-precision automation, lubrication equipment, as well as the provision of mills with electricity with a total capacity of up to 200-300 megawatts.
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