Technological scheme: basic concepts

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

The production process of any type of product consists of a certain set of actions and operations to achieve the final result. It also takes into account the equipment used, flow lines, mechanized and manual labor, and vehicles. To rationalize the production process and create optimal operating modes, the enterprise draws up a technological scheme that allows you to visually see the entire sequence of product creation.

Compilation principles

The technological scheme is included in the regulatory documentation of the enterprise (technological regulations), which also includes production methods, technical rules and process conditions, as well as their execution order. At the same time, a separate model can be compiled for a certain stage of the entire process.

This project is a drawing of blocks of all operations, interconnected by arrows that express the movement of material flows. In this case, forward-return movements can be provided, however, in order to rationalize the labor process, process engineers try to avoid such moments when drawing up a diagram. At the same time, it is important that the technological scheme reflects the features of the implementation of the development of a particular product and the conditions for its storage and placement.

For various processes, schemes can be drawn up in the form of drawings with a digital or letter designation of equipment, and the operations themselves are expressed in the form of geometric shapes (triangle, rectangle, circle, and others).

Scheme examples

A simple flow chart may include the following basic operations:

• organize the receipt of the main raw materials and auxiliary materials from the warehouse or from suppliers, while taking into account loading and unloading operations;
• initial processing of raw materials;
• performance of basic operations, with the receipt of the main components, parts or products of intermediate readiness;
• assembly of parts and assemblies, or final processing of manufactured products;
• packaging;
• shipment of finished products to the warehouse.

Let's consider a specific case, for example, the technological scheme of bread production can be represented as follows:

1. Preparation and storage of raw materials.
2. Preparing dough.
3. Processing and preparation of dough products.
4. Baking blanks.
5. Refrigeration and preparation for storage (packaging).

Scheme programs

Different programs are used to draw up schemes of production processes. For example, the CADE vector editor developed for Windows. There are various templates here, it is also possible to fix the IP address, name and serial number of the manufacturing company.

Concept Draw Pro is a simple but very powerful program for drawing charts, graphs and diagrams by dragging and dropping ready-made symbols with the mouse. Allows you to create any process model.

Diagram Designer - this utility, despite the outdated interface, allows you to create a wide variety of diagram models without much difficulty.

At the moment, at any enterprise where production is carried out, a technological scheme is used. This is a mandatory regulatory document that allows you to set up technological processes in a rational way. When compiling technical documentation, the inclusion of this scheme is mandatory.